CBSE Class 12 Economics 2023
132 questions · 351 marks · every one with the board’s own marking-scheme answer.
Marks by chapter
Counted from the 132 questions listed below, as the 2023 papers print them. CBSE allocates marks per unit, not per chapter — this is what was observed, not an official CBSE weightage. Every year compared →
| Chapter | Marks | Share |
|---|---|---|
| National Income Accounting19 questions | 70 | 19.9% |
| Determination of Income and Employment21 questions | 48 | 13.7% |
| Money and Banking14 questions | 35 | 10.0% |
| Comparative Development Experiences of India and its Neighbours18 questions | 33 | 9.4% |
| Rural Development12 questions | 32 | 9.1% |
| Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues9 questions | 26 | 7.4% |
| Indian Economy 1950-19907 questions | 25 | 7.1% |
| Government Budget and the Economy4 questions | 24 | 6.8% |
| Human Capital Formation in India7 questions | 18 | 5.1% |
| Open Economy Macroeconomics11 questions | 17 | 4.8% |
| Environment and Sustainable Development5 questions | 9 | 2.6% |
| Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation: An Appraisal2 questions | 8 | 2.3% |
| Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence3 questions | 6 | 1.7% |
132 questions from 2023
- Q1Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: Primary deposits are the cash deposits by general public with…1 mk
- Q1Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: Investment is defined as addition to the physical capital and…1 mk
- Q1Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: Savings function can be derived from Consumption function.…1 mk
- Q2An Indian company receives a loan from a company located abroad. This transaction would be recorded on the side of…1 mk
- Q2The difference between National Income at market price and National Income at factor cost is. (Choose the correct…1 mk
- Q2Keeping other factors constant, if the price of crude oil falls in the international market, it may lead to. (Choose…1 mk
- Q3Identify, which of the following is not a function of the Reserve Bank of India. (Choose the correct alternative)1 mk
- Q3The rate at which commercial banks borrow from the Reserve Bank of India to meet their long term requirements is known…1 mk
- Q3The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) government securities in a bid to the stock of money in the economy. (Choose the…1 mk
- Q4Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: Balance of Payment account is always balanced in accounting…1 mk
- Q4Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: Borrowings by a nation from the World Bank to finance Balance of…1 mk
- Q4Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: Import of gold from Dubai will be recorded on the debit side of…1 mk
- Q5(i) Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: Stock variables are measured at a point of time. Statement 2:…1 mk
- Q5Read the following news report carefully: “The central bank has imposed fine on Hisar Urban Cooperative Bank Ltd. and…1 mk
- Q5Choose the correct alternative to fill in the blanks (i) and (ii) in the figure. Alternatives: OR Operating Surplus…1 mk
- Q6If the Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) is 0·5, what will be the value of investment multiplier? (Choose the correct…1 mk
- Q6(i) If in an economy, the value of Investment Multiplier is 5 and dissavings are (–)100 crore, the relevant savings at…1 mk
- Q6If the value of investment multiplier = 4 and Dissavings = (–) 60, identify the correct Saving function from the…1 mk
- Q7If the central bank wants to reduce money supply in the economy, it may. (Choose the correct alternative to fill up the…1 mk
- Q7Choose the correct alternative to fill in the blanks (i) and (ii) in the figure. Alternatives: OR Operating Surplus…1 mk
- Q7Read the following statements: Assertion and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative given below: Assertion: Before…1 mk
- Q7Demand Deposits include. (Choose the correct alternative to fill up the blank)1 mk
- Q8Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: Depreciation of domestic currency may lead to a rise in exports.…1 mk
- Q8Identify, which of the following is not a source of supply of foreign exchange for India. (Choose the correct…1 mk
- Q8Suppose that, the Balance of Trade of a nation exhibits a deficit of ₹ 50,000 crore. The import of visible items are…1 mk
- Q9Identify which of the following equations is true. (Choose the correct alternative)1 mk
- Q9Read the following statements: Assertion and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative given below. Assertion: Excess…1 mk
- Q9Read the following statements: Assertion and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative from those given below.…1 mk
- Q10A situation in which an able bodied person is not willing to work at the existing wage rate, is referred to as…1 mk
- Q10Read the following statements: Assertion and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative given below. Assertion: Rich…1 mk
- Q10Read the following statements: Assertion and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative from those given below.…1 mk
- Q11Discuss briefly, the concept of ‘Mixed Income of Self-Employed’ under the Income method. OR Defend or refute the…3 mk
- Q11Distinguish between ‘Value Addition’ and ‘Final Value of Output’. OR Find Net Value Added at Factor Cost (NVA_FC )…3 mk
- Q11Distinguish between ‘Value Addition’ and ‘Final Value of Output’. OR Find the Value Added by Firm A, from the following…3 mk
- Q11Differentiate between ‘Value of Output’ and ‘Value Added’. OR Justify the following statement: “Depreciation is a fall…3 mk
- Q11Suppose, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at market price of a country in a particular year was ₹ 1,100 crore. Net…3 mk
- Q11Suppose the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at market price of a country in a particular year was ₹ 1,500 crore. Net…3 mk
- Q12Discuss briefly the determination of exchange rate under the flexible exchange rate system.3 mk
- Q12“There exists a positive relation between foreign exchange rate and supply of foreign exchange.” Do you agree with the…3 mk
- Q12"The central bank needs to intervene under the managed floating system." Do you agree with the given statement? Support…3 mk
- Q12Suppose the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at market price of a country in a particular year was ₹ 1,200 crore. Net…3 mk
- Q12Discuss briefly the three components of ‘operating surplus’. OR Defend or refute the following statement, with valid…3 mk
- Q13Suppose the following information is given about a hypothetical economy: C = 100 + 0.75 Y (where, C = Consumption and Y…4 mk
- Q13Explain the ‘Government’s Bank’ function of the central bank. OR Using a hypothetical numerical example, explain the…4 mk
- Q13Suppose consumption function for an economy is C = 80 + 0.75 Y (where C = consumption function and Y = national income)…4 mk
- Q13“In an economy, an increase in investment leads to doubling of the national income.” Calculate the Marginal Propensity…4 mk
- Q13Describe the adjustment mechanism if Aggregate Demand (AD) is less than Aggregate Supply (AS).4 mk
- Q13Describe the adjustment mechanism, if ex-ante savings are less than ex-ante investments.4 mk
- Q14Read the following information carefully: “The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI),…4 mk
- Q14Discuss briefly, how the government can control the situation of deflation using the following: Taxation Policy…4 mk
- Q14Explain the ‘Government’s Bank’ function of the central bank. OR Using a hypothetical numerical example, explain the…4 mk
- Q14Read the following news published on September 26, 2022: “The central bank has increased the benchmark lending rate by…4 mk
- Q14An economy is in equilibrium. From the following data, calculate the value of Autonomous Consumption. National Income =…4 mk
- Q15Explain the ‘Government’s Bank’ function of the central bank. OR Using a hypothetical numerical example, explain the…4 mk
- Q15Suppose the following information is given about a hypothetical economy: C = 200 + 0.75 Y (where, C = Consumption and Y…4 mk
- Q15Using a suitable numerical example, explain the credit creation process of the banking system, in a hypothetical…4 mk
- Q15Suppose the following information is given about a hypothetical economy: C = 300 + 0·8 Y (where, C = Consumption and Y…4 mk
- Q15Read the following text carefully: "After setting up a working group to study the possibility of a Central Bank Digital…4 mk
- Q16"Machine purchased by a firm is always a capital good." Do you agree with the given statement? Give valid reasons for…6 mk
- Q16State the meaning of: Problem of Double Counting Operating Surplus Compensation of Employees6 mk
- Q16Should purchase of wheat in the wholesale market be treated as the purchase of intermediate goods? Increase in national…6 mk
- Q16(i) Two friends, Deepak and Krish were discussing the impact of increase in GST rates on luxury items, as recently…6 mk
- Q16(i) “In the recent times, the Government of India has incurred a lot of expenditure on acquisition of indigenous…6 mk
- Q16“National Income is always greater than Domestic Income.” Do you agree with the given statement? Support your answer…6 mk
- Q17State the meanings of: Economic territory Mixed income of self-employed Compensation of employees6 mk
- Q17Read the following text carefully: In India, after Covid-19 period, household and private sector consumption, as…6 mk
- Q17(i) "Government provides essential items like food grains almost free to the families below poverty line." Identify and…6 mk
- Q17(i) From the information given in the diagram, categorize the items into revenue receipts and capital receipts, stating…6 mk
- Q17“In the estimation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) using expenditure method, focus lies only on expenditure by the…6 mk
- Q18Read the following statements: Assertion and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative from those given below.…1 mk
- Q18Under the British Rule, commercialisation of agriculture resulted in shifting of agricultural production from crops to…1 mk
- Q18Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: Commercialization of agriculture under the British rule was…1 mk
- Q19From the following alternatives, identify the correct full form of ‘NITI’ in NITI Aayog: OR In a economy, resources are…1 mk
- Q19Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: The purchase of food grains made by the Government on the Minimum…1 mk
- Q19Identify, which of the following alternative is not associated with goals of economic planning in India. OR In 1951,…1 mk
- Q20Economic reforms were introduced in the year in India and in the year in Pakistan. (Choose the correct alternative to…1 mk
- Q20Identify the correct alternative with reference to the following statement: “Between 1966 – 76, Mao introduced this…1 mk
- Q20Mini-hydel plants are good for the environment because: (i) they generate electricity only for local areas. (ii) they…1 mk
- Q21The Great Leap Forward (GLF) campaign in China focused on. (Choose the correct alternative to fill up the blank) OR…1 mk
- Q21“Multiple reasons for economic slowdown and re-emergence of poverty in Pakistan may be enumerated.” Identify which of…1 mk
- Q21markets were organised to protect the farmers from malpractices in mandis. (Choose the correct alternative to fill up…1 mk
- Q21‘Skill India’ programme launched by the Government is not an attempt to increase in India. (Choose the correct…1 mk
- Q21Micro credit programmes play a vital role in ensuring an overall development of the rural economy as they. (Choose the…1 mk
- Q22“Multiple reasons for economic slowdown and re-emergence of poverty in Pakistan may be enumerated.” Identify which of…1 mk
- Q22‘Skill India’ programme launched by the Government is not an attempt to increase in India. (Choose the correct…1 mk
- Q22Arrange the following events of China in chronological order and choose the correct alternative: (i) Great Proletarian…1 mk
- Q23Identify which of the following does not reflect a direct relationship between human capital formation and economic…1 mk
- Q23Identify the correct alternative with reference to the following statement: “Between 1966 – 76, Mao introduced this…1 mk
- Q23Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: Economic growth means the increase in real national income of a…1 mk
- Q24Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: ‘Liberty indicators’ measure the extent of constitutional…1 mk
- Q24Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: In both India and Pakistan, the service sector has been emerging…1 mk
- Q24Read the following statements: Assertion and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative from those given below.…1 mk
- Q25adopted the resolution to ban the use of Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) compounds along with other ozone depleting chemicals.…1 mk
- Q25Workers who are on the permanent pay-roll of their employer are called workers. (Choose the correct alternative to fill…1 mk
- Q25Carrying Capacity implies that. (i) Resource extraction should remain below the rate of regeneration. (ii) Resource…1 mk
- Q26Production of diverse varieties of crops rather than one specialized crop is called. (Choose the correct alternative to…1 mk
- Q26Read the following statements: Assertion and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative given below. Assertion: The…1 mk
- Q26Read the following statements: Assertion and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative from those given below.…1 mk
- Q27Read the following statements: Assertion and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative given below. Assertion: China…1 mk
- Q27Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: India announced its First Five Year Plan in 1951. Statement 2:…1 mk
- Q27Read the following statements carefully: Statement 1: ‘One-child policy’ was very effectively used in controlling the…1 mk
- Q28Interpret the given picture with reference to current environmental challenges.3 mk
- Q28Define worker-population ratio and give its significance. OR Distinguish between ‘Human Capital’ and ‘Human…3 mk
- Q28“It is necessary to create employment in the formal sector rather than in the informal sector.” Defend or refute the…3 mk
- Q28“A well-structured agricultural credit system is very essential for the rural sector.” Do you agree with the given…3 mk
- Q28Interpret the given picture, on account of current environmental challenges:3 mk
- Q29Explain the position of informal institutions as a source of credit in rural India. OR “Dr. Khurana, a dentist, ran his…3 mk
- Q29Discuss any two problems being faced in the process of rural banking in India. OR Analyse and compare the nature of the…3 mk
- Q29Critically evaluate the role of rural banking system in the process of rural development in India. OR “Dr. Khurana, a…3 mk
- Q29Elaborate how a well-structured ‘Agricultural Marketing System’ helps the farmers to increase their income.3 mk
- Q29“It is necessary to create employment in the formal sector rather than in the informal sector.” Defend or refute the…3 mk
- Q29Critically evaluate the role of rural banking system in the process of rural development in India. OR “Dr. Khurana, a…3 mk
- Q30Read the following schedule carefully: Trends in Output Growth in Different Sectors, 1980 – 2015 Country Agriculture…4 mk
- Q30From the data given below, compare and contrast India’s and China’s sectoral contribution towards GVA / GDP. Sectoral…4 mk
- Q30Explain valid reasons for the slow growth and re-emergence of poverty in Pakistan.4 mk
- Q30“Human Capital benefits only the owner and not the society.” Defend or refute the given statement.4 mk
- Q31“Many economists believe that the economic reforms process of 1991 had adversely affected the agricultural sector.” Do…4 mk
- Q31Explain briefly the rationale behind the ‘License Raj’ under the Industrial Policy Resolution, 1956. Define…4 mk
- Q31Discuss any two liberalisation measures pertaining to the financial sector, introduced by the Government of India…4 mk
- Q31Read the following schedule carefully: Trends in Output Growth in Different Sectors, 1980 – 2015 Country Agriculture…4 mk
- Q32Compare and contrast India and China’s sectoral contribution towards Gross Value Added (GVA). What does it indicate?…4 mk
- Q32State whether the following statements are true/false, with valid arguments: Economic participation of women as…4 mk
- Q32State and explain the condition of Indian agriculture on the eve of independence.4 mk
- Q32“There are many factors which contribute to human capital formation of a country.” Do you agree with the statement?…4 mk
- Q32State and elaborate whether the following statement is true or false, with valid arguments: “Indian economy has showed…4 mk
- Q32“Self-Help Groups provide stimulus for institutionalised lending, employment generation and women empowerment in the…4 mk
- Q33(i) Why are less women found in regular salaried employment? (ii) Distinguish between human capital and physical…6 mk
- Q33(i) Explain the role of education in the economic development of the nation. (ii) State the importance of rural banking…6 mk
- Q33Read the following text carefully: Adoption of Village by Parliamentarians In October, 2014, the Government of India…6 mk
- Q34Read the following text carefully: According to NITI Aayog, India has a technological advantage to facilitate digital…6 mk
- Q34Read the following text carefully: With independence, India chose the closed economy model in pursuit of its objective…6 mk
- Q34(i) Explain the need and types of land reforms implemented in the agriculture sector. (ii) Why was public sector given…6 mk
Other Economics years
Answers come from CBSE’s own marking schemes. How we source them.