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Business Studies · 2025 · 4 marks
CBSE 2025 · Region 7 · Set 3 · Q28
(a) State any four features of 'Directing'.
(a)
State any four features of 'Directing'.
OR
(b)
State the relationship between 'Planning' and 'Controlling’
functions of management.
Marking-scheme solution
Features of 'Directing':
(i)
Directing initiates action while other functions prepare a
setting for action.
(ii)
Directing takes place at every level of management as every
manager, from top executive to supervisor performs the
function of directing.
(iii)
Directing is a continuous process because it takes place
throughout the life of the organisation irrespective of people
occupying managerial positions.
(iv)
Directing flows from top to bottom as every manager can
direct his immediate subordinate and take instructions from
his immediate boss.
Relationship between 'Planning' and 'Controlling’ functions
• of management:
Planning without controlling is meaningless and at the same time,
controlling is blind without planning because a system of control
presupposes the existence of certain standards which are provided
• by planning and controlling monitors the progress of plans.
Planning is a pre-requisite for controlling as it provides
predetermined standards of performance while controlling seeks to
• compel events to conform to plans.
Planning is prescriptive as it prescribes an appropriate course of
action whereas, controlling is evaluative which involves checking
• whether decisions have been translated into desired action or not.
Both Planning and Controlling are forward looking as both aim to
improve future performance and both are looking backwards as
well, as postmortem of past activities is conducted to find out
deviations from the standards which serve as a guide for planning.
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CBSE Class 12 Business Studies past-paper question from the 2025 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.