Question

(a) What is meant by ‘leadership’? State any two leadership styles.

Accepted Answer

Leadership is the process of influencing people so that they strive willingly and enthusiastically towards the achievement of group goals. The various leadership styles are: (i) Autocratic or Authoritarian leadership style in which an autocratic leader gives orders and insists that they are obeyed. He does not give the subordinates any freedom to influence his decision. (ii) Democratic or Participative leadership style in which the democratic leader favours decision making by the group and allows them (subordinates) to become part of the team and helps leaders (seniors) to make better decisions. (iii) Laissez Faire or Free –rein leadership style in which the leader gives complete freedom to the subordinates and depends largely upon the group to establish its own goals and work out its own problems. 7 Q. OR (b) State the last two steps in the process of ‘Controlling’ function of management. The last two steps in the process of ‘Controlling’ function of management are: (i) Analysing deviations Deviations are analysed for their causes through Critical Point • Control and Management by Exception. Critical Point Control focuses on control of Key Result Areas which are critical to the success of the • organisation. Management by exception is based on the belief that an attempt to control everything results in controlling nothing. Thus, only significant deviations which go beyond the permissible limit should be brought to the notice of the management. • (ii) Taking corrective action Corrective action is taken if deviations go beyond the • acceptable limits. In case the deviation cannot be corrected through managerial action, the standards may have to be revised.

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