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Business Studies · 2025 · 4 marks
CBSE 2025 · Region 4 · Set 1 · Q27
(a) Explain the following principles of ‘Scientific Management’: (i) Science not rule of thumb (ii) Development of each and every person to his/her B…
(a)
Explain the following principles of ‘Scientific Management’:
(i)
Science not rule of thumb
(ii)
Development of each and every person to his/her
B
greatest efficiency and prosperity.
OR
(b)
Explain the following principles of 'General Management':
(i)
Centralisation and Decentralisation
(ii)
Division of work
Marking-scheme solution
(i)
Science not rule of thumb:
It states that there is only one best method to maximise
efficiency which can be developed through work study and
analysis.
This best method should substitute ‘Rule of Thumb’ throughout
the organisation. Scientific method involves unifying the best
practices and developing a standard method to be followed
throughout the organisation.
(ii)
Development of each and every person to His/Her greatest
efficiency and prosperity
It states that each person should be scientifically selected and
assigned work to suit their physical, mental and intellectual
capabilities. To increase the efficiency of the workers, they
should be trained to learn the best method developed through
scientific study.
Efficient employees would produce more and earn more. This
will ensure the greatest efficiency and prosperity for both the
company and the workers.
(i)
Centralisation and Decentralisation
The concentration of decision-making authority is called
centralisation whereas its dispersal among more than one person
is known as decentralisation.
This principle states that there is a need to balance subordinate
involvement through decentralisation with managers retention
of final authority through centralisation.
(ii)
Division of work
The principle of Division of work suggests that work can be
B
performed more efficiently if it is divided into specialised tasks.
The intent of division of work is to produce more and better
work for the same effort.
A trained specialist who is competent, is required to perform
each job leading to specialization which results in efficient and
effective output.
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CBSE Class 12 Business Studies past-paper question from the 2025 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.