Question

Explain the following techniques of Scientific Management: (i) Fatigue study (ii) Differential piece wage system (iii) Standardisation and…

Accepted Answer

(a) (i) Fatigue study  Fatigue Study determines the amount and frequency of rest intervals in completing task.  The rest intervals help the workers to regain stamina and work again with the same capacity resulting in increased productivity. (ii) Differential piece wage system  Differential Piece Wage System is a technique which differentiates between efficient and less efficient workers. It rewards the efficient workers and motivates the less efficient ones to improve their efficiency.  In this plan, there are two piece rates – one for those workers who produce the standard output or more, and the other for those who produce less than the standard output. (iii) Standardisation and simplification of work  Standardisation refers to the process of setting standards for every business activity which can be standardisation of process, raw material, time, product, machinery, methods or working conditions.  Simplification aims at eliminating superfluous varieties, sizes and dimensions. OR (b) Explain the following features of principles of management: (i) General guidelines (ii) Cause and effect relationship (iii) Universal applicability (b) (i) General guidelines  The principles of management are guidelines to action but do not provide readymade straitjacket solutions to all managerial problems.  It is so because real business situations are very complex and dynamic and are a result of many factors. (ii) Cause and effect relationship  The principles of management are intended to establish relationship between cause and effect so that they can be used in similar situations in a large number of cases. As such, they tell us if a particular principle was applied in a particular situation, what would be its likely effect.  In real life, situations are not identical. So, accurate cause and effect relationships may be difficult to establish. (iii) Universal applicability  The principles of management are intended to apply to all types of organisations, business as well as non-business, small as well large, public sector as well as private sector, manufacturing as well as the services sectors.  However, the extent of their applicability would vary with the nature of the organisation, business activity, scale of operations etc.

Explain the following techniques of Scientific Management :
(i)
Fatigue study
(ii)
Differential piece wage system
(iii)
Standardisation and simplification of work

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