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Business Studies · 2026 · 6 marks
CBSE 2026 · Region 2 · Set 2 · Q31
(a) Explain ‘Harmony, Not Discord’ as a principle of Scientific Management and ‘Method Study’ and ‘Standardization and Simplification of Work’ as…
(a)
Explain ‘Harmony, Not Discord’ as a principle of Scientific
Management and ‘Method Study’ and ‘Standardization and
Simplification of Work’ as techniques of Scientific Management.
OR
(b)
Explain the following principles of General Management :
(i)
Division of work
(ii)
Discipline
(iii)
Equity
Marking-scheme solution
(a)
Harmony, Not Discord
§ This principle emphasizes that there should be complete harmony between
management and workers. This requires ‘Mental revolution’ on the part of both
management and workers. It means that both management and the workers
should transform their thinking.
§ Management should share gains of the company, if any, with the workers and
workers should work hard and be willing to embrace change for the good of the
company
Method Study
§ Method study is a technique to find out the one best way of doing the job. Right
from procurement of raw materials till the final product is delivered to the
customer every activity is part of method study
§ The objective of method study is to minimise the cost of production and maximise
the quality and satisfaction of the customer.
Standardization and Simplification of Work
§ Standardisation refers to the process of setting standards for every business
activity. It can be standardisation of process, raw material, time, product,
machinery, methods or working conditions, which should be followed throughout
the organisation.
§ Simplification aims at eliminating superfluous varieties, sizes and dimensions. It
results in savings of cost of labour, machines and tools. It implies reduced
inventories, fuller utilisation of equipment and increasing turnover.
Q. (b) Explain the following principles of General Management:
(i)
Division of work
(ii)
Discipline
(iii)
Equity
(i)
Division of work
§ The principle of Division of work suggests that work can be performed more
efficiently if it is divided into specialised tasks. The intent of division of work is
to produce more and better work for the same effort.
§ A trained specialist who is competent, is required to perform each job leading to
specialization which results in efficient and effective output.
(ii)
Discipline
§ Discipline is the obedience to organisational rules and employment agreement
which are necessary for the working of the organisation.
§ Discipline requires good superiors at all levels, clear and fair agreements and
judicious application of penalties.
(iii)
Equity
§ The principle of Equity states that there should be no discrimination against
anyone on account of gender, religion, language, caste, belief, nationality etc.
§ This principle emphasises kindliness and justice in the behaviour of managers
towards the workers to ensure loyalty and devotion.
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CBSE Class 12 Business Studies past-paper question from the 2026 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.