(a) Define transgenic animals. Explain in detail any four areas where they can be used for human benefit.

• Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra gene

are known as transgenic animals.

• Areas of benefits are

to allow the study of how genes are regulated and how they affect the normal functions of the body and its development like study of complex factors involved in growth such as insulin-like growth factor.

contribute to the development of disease like cancer or cystic fibrosis

created and the products can be used to treat diseases like ( -$\displaystyle 1$-antitrypsin) human protein can be produced to treat emphysema / Rosie, produced human protein enriched milk containing alpha – lactalbumin which is a balanced product for human babies or any other examples.

-Vaccine safety, transgenic mice are being developed for use in testing the safety of

vaccines before they are used in humans like transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine

more sensitive to toxic substances than non-transgenic animals so transgenic animals are exposed to the toxic substances and the effects studied

product.

vitamins, sampling ports so that small volume of culture can be withdrawn periodically.

(Marks to be allotted if the key words are depicted in the diagram in lieu of explanation)