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Biology · 2025 · 5 marks
Biotechnology and its ApplicationsBiotechnological Applications in Medicine5 marksUnderstandlong answer
CBSE 2025 · Region 6 · Set 3 · Q31
(a) (i) Explain how human pro-insulin is processed in the cell to become a fully mature functional insulin. (ii) Describe how human insulin is…
(a)(i)
Explain how human pro-insulin is processed in the cell to become a fully mature functional insulin.
(ii)
Describe how human insulin is produced using the techniques of genetic engineering.
OR
(b)(i)
Explain the working of a simple stirred-tank bioreactor.
(ii)
Describe what is meant by downstream processing.
Marking-scheme solution
(i)
Pro- insulin is processed by removal of c-peptide which is removed
during maturation into insulin.
(ii)
Two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin, are
introduced in plasmids of E.coli to produce insulin chains, A & B chain are produced separately , extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin.
(i)
-A simple stirred-tank reactor is cylindrical or with a curved base to facilitate
the mixing of the reactor contents
-The stirrer facilitates even mixing and oxygen availability throughout the
bioreactor,
-Air can be bubbled through the reactor,
-It has an agitator system ,
a foam control system ,
-a temperature control system,
-pH control system ,
(ii)
The processes include separation, and purification which are collectively
referred to as downstream processing.
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CBSE Class 12 Biology past-paper question from the 2025 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.