(i)

Discuss the ‘One Child Policy’ adopted by China.

(ii)

State the meaning of ‘Commune System’.

The One Child Policy adopted by China in the late 1970s aimed to control rapid population growth. It significantly reduced population expansion but led to unintended consequences like a declining sex ratio due to son preference. Over time, it also resulted in an ageing population with fewer young people. To address these issues, China later revoked the policy and allowed couples to have two children.

The Commune system refers to a system in which people collectively cultivate agricultural land.