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Business Studies · 2025 · 6 marks
CBSE 2025 · Region 7 · Set 1 · Q31
(a) Explain the following principles of Scientific Management: (i) Science not Rule of Thumb (ii) Harmony, not Discord (iii) Development of Each and…
(a)
Explain the following principles of Scientific Management:
(i)
Science not Rule of Thumb
(ii)
Harmony, not Discord
(iii)
Development of Each and Every Person to His or Her Greatest
Efficiency and Prosperity
OR
(b)
Explain the following features of principles of management:
(i)
Universal applicability
(ii)
Cause and effect relationships
(iii)
General guidelines
Marking-scheme solution
Principles of Scientific Management:
(i)
Science, not Rule of Thumb:
•It states that there is only one best method to maximise efficiency,
which can be developed through work study and analysis. This best
method should substitute ‘Rule of Thumb’ throughout the organisation.
•Scientific method involves unifying the best practices and developing
a standard method to be followed throughout the organisation.
(ii)
Harmony, not Discord:
•This principle emphasises that there should be complete harmony
between the management and the workers. Both should realise that
each one is important. There should be complete mental revolution on
the part of both management and workers and both should transform
their thinking.
•Management should share the gains of the company, if any, with the
workers. At the same time, workers should work hard and be willing to
embrace change for the good of the company.
(iii)
Development of Each and Every Person to His or Her
Greatest Efficiency and Prosperity:
• It states that each person should be scientifically selected and
assigned work to suit their physical, mental and intellectual
capabilities. To increase efficiency of the workers, they should be
trained to learn the best method developed through scientific study.
• Efficient employees would produce more and earn more. This
will ensure greatest efficiency and prosperity for both the
company and the workers.
OR
Features of principles of management:
(i)
Universal applicability:
• The principles of management are intended to apply to all
types of organisations, business as well as non-business, small
as well as large, etc.
• However, the extent of their applicability would vary with the
nature of the organisation, business activity, scale of
operations, etc.
(ii)
Cause and effect relationships:
• The principles of management are intended to establish
relationship between cause and effect so that they can be used
in similar situations in a large number of cases.
• The principles of management are less than perfect since they
mainly apply to human behaviour and in real life, situations are
not identical, so accurate cause and effect relationships may be
difficult to establish.
(iii)
General guidelines:
• The principles are guidelines to action but do not provide
readymade solutions to all managerial problems.
• This is so because real business situations are very
complex and dynamic and are a result of many factors.
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CBSE Class 12 Business Studies past-paper question from the 2025 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.