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NCERT Exemplar · Class 9 Science Improvement in Food Resources

49 questions · 49 still being checked

Short Answer Questions 18–27 (part 3 of 6)

  1. Exercise 18

    Match the column A with the column B
    (A)
    (B)(a)
    Catla
    (i)
    Bottom feeders
    (b)
    Rohu
    (ii)
    Surface feeders
    (c)
    Mrigal
    (iii)
    Middle-zone feeders
    (d)
    Fish farming
    (iv)
    Culture fishery

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    NCERT’s answer
    (a)
    — (ii) (b)— (iii) (c)— (i) (d)— (iv)
    Catla feeds at the surface, Rohu in the middle zone, and Mrigal at the bottom; fish farming under controlled conditions is culture fishery.Answer: (a)–(ii), (b)–(iii), (c)–(i), (d)–(iv)

  2. Exercise 19

    Fill in the blanks
    (a)
    Pigeon pea is a good source of ———.
    (b)
    Berseem is an important———crop.
    (c)
    The crops which are grown in rainy season are called———crops.
    (d)
    ———are rich in vitamins.
    (f)
    ——— crop grows in winter season.

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    NCERT’s answer
    (a)
    protein (b) fodder (c) Kharif (d) vegetables (e) Rabi
    (a)
    Protein — pigeon pea is a pulse. (b) Fodder — berseem is grown to feed livestock. (c) Kharif — sown with the onset of rain, harvested in autumn. (d) Fruits and vegetables — the main dietary source of vitamins. (f) Rabi — sown after the rains end, harvested in spring.
    Answer: (a) protein (b) fodder (c) kharif (d) fruits and vegetables (f) rabi

  3. Exercise 20

    What is a GM crop? Name any one such crop which is grown in India.

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    NCERT’s answer
    Crop which has been developed by introducing a new gene from any other source, to obtain the desired character, is called as genetically modified (GM) crop. Bt Cotton is an example of GM crop which is made insect- resistant by introducing a new gene from a bacteria.
    A GM (genetically modified) crop has its DNA altered by inserting a gene from another organism, introducing traits — pest resistance, better nutrition, herbicide tolerance — that conventional breeding could not achieve.Answer: Bt cotton, carrying a gene from the bacterium \(\displaystyle \textit{Bacillus thuringiensis}\) for bollworm resistance, is a GM crop grown in India.

  4. Exercise 21

    List out some useful traits in improved crop?

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    NCERT’s answer
    Useful traits of improved crops are (a) higher yield (b) improved nutritional quality (c) resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses (d) change in maturity (e) wide range of adaptability (f) desired agronomic characteristics.
    Improved varieties are bred for higher yield, better quality (baking quality in wheat, protein in pulses, oil content in oilseeds), resistance to biotic stress (disease, insect) and abiotic stress (drought, salinity, waterlogging, heat, cold), shorter maturity duration for more crops a year, wider climatic adaptability, and useful agronomic traits like dwarfism in cereals.Answer: yield, quality, biotic/abiotic resistance, maturity duration, wider adaptability, agronomic traits (e.g., dwarfism).

  5. Exercise 22

    Why is organic matter important for crop production?

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    NCERT’s answer
    Organic matter is important for crops because (a) it helps in improving soil structure. (b) it helps in increasing water holding capacity of sandy soil. (c) in clayey soil large quantity of organic matter helps in drainage and in avoiding water logging.
    Organic matter (manure/compost) improves soil texture and structure, raises its water-holding capacity, and keeps it porous for aeration. It also feeds soil microorganisms, which decompose it further and release nutrients the roots can absorb.\[\text{Organic matter} \Rightarrow \text{aeration}\uparrow,\ \text{water-holding}\uparrow \Rightarrow \text{microbial activity}\uparrow \Rightarrow \text{nutrient release}\uparrow \]Answer: it restores soil fertility by improving soil structure and feeding the microbes that release nutrients.

  6. Exercise 23

    Why is excess use of fertilizers detrimental for environment?

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    NCERT’s answer
    Hint— Excess use of fertilizers causes environmental pollution as their residual and unused amounts will become pollutants for air, water and soil.
    Fertilizer that leaches down contaminates groundwater with nitrates, and heavy, imbalanced use degrades soil health and lets nitrogen escape to air as ammonia and nitrous oxide.\[\text{Run-off} \Rightarrow \text{eutrophication (rivers, lakes)} \Rightarrow \text{O}_2\downarrow \Rightarrow \text{aquatic life dies} \] \[\text{Leaching} \Rightarrow \text{nitrate contamination of groundwater} \]Answer: Run-off causes eutrophication of rivers and lakes, depleting oxygen and killing aquatic life; leaching contaminates groundwater with nitrates; heavy, imbalanced use also degrades soil health and releases ammonia and nitrous oxide into the air.

  7. Exercise 24

    Give one word for the following
    (a)
    Farming without the use of chemicals as fertilizers, herbicides and
    pesticides is known as ———.
    (b)
    Growing of wheat and groundnut on the same field is called as ———.
    (c)
    Planting soyabean and maize in alternate rows in the same field is called
    as ———. (d) Growing different crops on a piece of land in pre-planned succession
    is known as———.
    (e)
    Xanthium and Parthenium are commonly known as———.
    (f)
    Causal organism of any disease is called as ———.

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    NCERT’s answer
    (a)
    organic farming (b) mixed cropping (c) inter cropping (d) crop rotation (e) weeds (f) pathogen
    (b)
    mixed cropping has no fixed row pattern; (c) intercropping follows a definite alternating-row pattern.
    Answer: (a) organic farming (b) mixed cropping (c) intercropping (d) crop rotation (e) weeds (f) pathogen

  8. Exercise 25

    Match the following A and B
    (A)
    (B)(a)
    Cattle used for tilling and carting
    (i)
    Milk producing female
    (b)
    Indian breed of chicken
    (ii)
    Broiler
    (c)
    Sahiwal, Red Sindhi
    (iii)
    Drought animals
    (d)
    Milch
    (iv)
    Local breed of cattle
    (e)
    Chicken better fed for obtaining
    (v)
    Aseel
    meat

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    NCERT’s answer
    (a)
    —(iii) (b)—(v) (c)—(iv) (d)—(i) (e)—(ii)
    Draught cattle are used for tilling and carting; a milch animal is a milk-producing female. Sahiwal and Red Sindhi are local Indian cattle breeds. Aseel is an Indian breed of chicken, and a broiler is a chicken reared for meat.Answer: (a)–(iii), (b)–(v), (c)–(iv), (d)–(i), (e)–(ii)

  9. Exercise 26

    If there is low rainfall in a village throughout the year, what measures will you suggest to the farmers for better cropping?

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    NCERT’s answer
    Farmers of low rainfall area will be suggested to (a) practice farming with drought resistant and early maturing varieties of crops. (b) to enrich the soil with more humus content as it increases the water- holding capacity and retains water for longer duration.
    Water-conservation practice suits a low-rainfall village:
    harvest and store rainwater (farm ponds, check dams)
    grow drought-resistant, short-duration varieties (millets, pulses)
    mulch the soil and plough along contours to cut evaporation and runoff
    irrigate by drip/sprinkler, not flooding
    Answer: Rainwater harvesting, drought-tolerant short-duration crops, mulching, and drip/sprinkler irrigation.

  10. Exercise 27

    Group the following and tabulate them as energy yielding, protein yielding, oil yielding and fodder crop. Wheat, rice, berseem, maize, gram, oat, pigeon gram, sudan grass, lentil, soyabean, groundnut, castor and mustard.

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    NCERT’s answer
    (1)
    Energy yielding— wheat, rice, maize ($\displaystyle 2$) Protein yielding— gram, pigeon gram, lentil, soybean ($\displaystyle 3$) Oil yielding— groundnut, castor, mustard, soybean ($\displaystyle 4$) Fodder crops— barseem, oat, sudan grass
    Energy yielding (cereals): wheat, rice, maize Protein yielding (pulses): gram, pigeon gram, lentil, soyabean Oil yielding (oilseeds): soyabean, groundnut, castor, mustard Fodder crops: berseem, oat, sudan grassAnswer: Energy – wheat, rice, maize; Protein – gram, pigeon gram, lentil, soyabean; Oil – soyabean, groundnut, castor, mustard; Fodder – berseem, oat, sudan grass.