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Economics · 2026 · 4 marks
Comparative Development Experiences of India and its NeighboursGross Domestic Product and Sectors4 marksAnalyseshort answer
CBSE 2026 · Region 3 · Set 1 · Q30
On the basis of the given data, comment on trends of output growth in different sectors ($\displaystyle 1980$ – $\displaystyle 2018$), between India and Pakistan.
Country $\displaystyle 1980$ – $\displaystyle 90$ Agriculture $\displaystyle 1980$ – $\displaystyle 90$ Industry $\displaystyle 1980$ – $\displaystyle 90$ Services $\displaystyle 2014$ – $\displaystyle 18$ Agriculture $\displaystyle 2014$ – $\displaystyle 18$ Industry $\displaystyle 2014$ – $\displaystyle 18$ Services India $\displaystyle 3$·$\displaystyle 1$ $\displaystyle 7$·$\displaystyle 4$ $\displaystyle 6$·$\displaystyle 9$ $\displaystyle 3$·$\displaystyle 1$ $\displaystyle 6$·$\displaystyle 9$ $\displaystyle 7$·$\displaystyle 6$ Pakistan $\displaystyle 4$ $\displaystyle 7$·$\displaystyle 7$ $\displaystyle 6$·$\displaystyle 8$ $\displaystyle 1$·$\displaystyle 7$ $\displaystyle 4$·$\displaystyle 8$ $\displaystyle 5$·$\displaystyle 0$
| Country | $\displaystyle 1980$ – $\displaystyle 90$ Agriculture | $\displaystyle 1980$ – $\displaystyle 90$ Industry | $\displaystyle 1980$ – $\displaystyle 90$ Services | $\displaystyle 2014$ – $\displaystyle 18$ Agriculture | $\displaystyle 2014$ – $\displaystyle 18$ Industry | $\displaystyle 2014$ – $\displaystyle 18$ Services |
| India | $\displaystyle 3$·$\displaystyle 1$ | $\displaystyle 7$·$\displaystyle 4$ | $\displaystyle 6$·$\displaystyle 9$ | $\displaystyle 3$·$\displaystyle 1$ | $\displaystyle 6$·$\displaystyle 9$ | $\displaystyle 7$·$\displaystyle 6$ |
| Pakistan | $\displaystyle 4$ | $\displaystyle 7$·$\displaystyle 7$ | $\displaystyle 6$·$\displaystyle 8$ | $\displaystyle 1$·$\displaystyle 7$ | $\displaystyle 4$·$\displaystyle 8$ | $\displaystyle 5$·$\displaystyle 0$ |
Marking-scheme solution
According to the given data, output growth in the agriculture sector for India remained stable at $\displaystyle 3.1$%, while Pakistan’s declined sharply from $\displaystyle 4$% to $\displaystyle 1.7$%. In the industrial sector, both countries experienced a slowdown, however, the decline was marginal ($\displaystyle 7.4$% to $\displaystyle 6.9$%) for India and more severe for Pakistan ($\displaystyle 7.7$% to $\displaystyle 4.8$%). In the service sector, India showed improvement, with growth rising from $\displaystyle 6.9$% to $\displaystyle 7.6$%, whereas Pakistan’s growth fell from $\displaystyle 6.8$% to $\displaystyle 5$%. Overall, India’s economic growth during this period was largely driven by the service sector, while Pakistan experienced deceleration in all the three sectors.
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