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Business Studies · 2024 · 6 marks
CBSE 2024 · Region 1 · Set 2 · Q31
(a) Explain the following characteristics of principles of management: (i) Universal applicability (ii) Flexible (iii) Cause and effect relationship
(a)
Explain the following characteristics of principles of management :
(i)
Universal applicability
(ii)
Flexible
(iii)
Cause and effect relationship
OR
(b)
Explain the following principles of management :
(i)
Initiative
(ii)
Order
(iii)
Stability of personnel
Marking-scheme solution
• (i) Universal applicability:
The principles of management are intended to apply to all types of
organisations, business as well as non-business, small as well large,
public sector as well as private sector, manufacturing as well as the
• services sectors.
However, the extent of their applicability would vary with the
nature of the organisation, business activity, scale of operations, etc.
• (ii) Flexible:
The principles of management are not rigid prescriptions, which
• have to be followed absolutely.
They are flexible and can be modified by the manager when the
situation so demands. They give the manager enough discretion
to do so.
• (iii) Cause and effect relationship:
The principles of management are intended to establish
relationship between cause and effect so that they can be used in
similar situations in a large number of cases. They tell us if a
particular principle was applied in a particular situation, what
• would be its likely effect.
In real life, situations are not identical. So, accurate cause and
effect relationships may be difficult to establish.
OR
Q(b). Explain the following principles of management:
(i)
Initiative
(ii)
Order
(iii)
Stability of personnel
• (i) Initiative:
Workers should be encouraged to develop and carry out their
• plans for improvements.
A good company should have an employee suggestion system
whereby initiative/suggestions which result in substantial
cost/time reduction should be rewarded.
• (ii) Order:
The principle of order states that ‘A place for everything
• (everyone) and everything (everyone) in its (her/his) place’.
If there is a fixed place for everything and it is present there, then
there will be no hindrance in the activities of business/ factory.
This will lead to increased productivity and efficiency.
• (iii) Stability of personnel:
Personnel once selected, should be kept at their post/ position
• for a minimum fixed tenure.
They should be given reasonable time to show results,
otherwise it will create instability/insecurity among employees.
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CBSE Class 12 Business Studies past-paper question from the 2024 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.