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Business Studies · 2023 · 6 marks
CBSE 2023 · Region 5 · Set 3 · Q31
31. (a) Explain 'Co-operation, Not Individualism' as a principle and 'Fatigue Study' as a technique of scientific management.
31. (a) Explain 'Co-operation, Not Individualism' as a
principle and 'Fatigue Study' as a technique of scientific
management.
OR
(b)
Explain 'Cause and effect relationship' as a feature of
principles of management (i) Meeting Changing Environment
requirements; and
(ii)
Management Training, education and research as
significance of principles of management.
Marking-scheme solution
Cooperation, not individualism
§ It advocates that there should be complete co-operation between
the management and the workers instead of individualism.
§ Competition should be replaced by cooperation. Both should
realise that they need each other.
§ For all important decisions taken by the management, workers
should be taken into confidence. The management should be
open to any constructive suggestions made by the employees and
suitably reward them.
Fatigue Study
§ Fatigue Study determines the amount and frequency of rest
intervals in completing task.
§ The rest intervals help the workers to regain stamina and work
again with the same capacity resulting in increased productivity.
§ There can be many causes for fatigue like long working hours,
doing unsuitable work etc. Such hindrances in good performance
should be removed
Cause and effect relationship
§ The principles of management establish cause and effect
relationship so that they can be used in similar situations in a large
number of cases.
§ But the principles of management are less than perfect since they
mainly apply to human behaviour. Also, in real life, situations are
not identical. So, accurate cause and effect relationships may be
difficult to establish.
(i)
Meeting changing environment requirements
Although principles are in the nature of general guidelines, they are
modified and help the managers to meet the changing requirements
of the environment.
Management principles are flexible to adapt to the dynamic
business environment.
(ii)
Management training, education and research:
Entrance to management institutes is preceded by management
aptitude tests. These tests are developed after understanding of
management principles and how they may be applied in different
situations.
These principles provide basic groundwork for the development of
management as a discipline.
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CBSE Class 12 Business Studies past-paper question from the 2023 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.