Question

31. Explain 'Co-operation, Not Individualism' as a principle and 'Fatigue Study' as a technique of scientific management. OR Explain 'Cause and…

Accepted Answer

Cooperation, not individualism § It advocates that there should be complete co-operation between the management and the workers instead of individualism. § Competition should be replaced by cooperation. Both should realise that they need each other. § For all important decisions taken by the management, workers should be taken into confidence. The management should be open to any constructive suggestions made by the employees and suitably reward them. Fatigue Study § Fatigue Study determines the amount and frequency of rest intervals in completing task. § The rest intervals help the workers to regain stamina and work again with the same capacity resulting in increased productivity. § There can be many causes for fatigue like long working hours, doing unsuitable work etc. Such hindrances in good performance should be removed OR Cause and effect relationship § The principles of management establish cause and effect relationship so that they can be used in similar situations in a large number of cases. § But the principles of management are less than perfect since they mainly apply to human behaviour. Also, in real life, situations are not identical. So, accurate cause and effect relationships may be difficult to establish. (i) Meeting changing environment requirements Although principles are in the nature of general guidelines, they are modified and help the managers to meet the changing requirements of the environment. Management principles are flexible to adapt to the dynamic business environment. (ii) Management training, education and research: Entrance to management institutes is preceded by management aptitude tests. These tests are developed after understanding of management principles and how they may be applied in different situations. These principles provide basic groundwork for the development of management as a discipline.

31. (a) Explain 'Co-operation, Not Individualism' as a
principle and 'Fatigue Study' as a technique of scientific
management.

Marking-scheme solution

More from Principles of Management