(a) How are industries contributing to the national economy? Explain.

(i) The contribution of manufacturing sector to GDP over the last two decades has been about $\displaystyle 17$ percent.

(ii) Since $\displaystyle 2003$ the growth rate of the manufacturing sector has been about $\displaystyle 9$-$\displaystyle 10$ percent.

(iii) It helps in the modernizing agriculture.

(iv) It helps in the eradication of unemployment and poverty.

( v) Export of manufactured goods has expanded trade .

(vi) It brings in foreign exchange.

(vii) Agro industries have given boost to agriculture.

(viii) The national manufacturing competitiveness council (NMCC) has been set up with the objective of increasing the growth rate of manufacturing industries.

(b) Explain five ways to reduce air and water pollution.

Air pollution

(i) Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories.

(ii) Smoke can be reduced by using oil.

(iii) Smoke can be reduced using gas instead of coal in factories.

Water pollution

(i) Minimizing use of water for processing.

(ii) Reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.

(iii) Reducing the dumping of garbage on land to prevent the pollution of water table.

(iv) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and pond.