(a) Describe the role of manufacturing industries in the economic development of a country.

(i) Over the last two decades, GDP of the country has been improved due to the manufacturing sector.

(ii) Helped in the modernization of agriculture.

(iii) Helped in the reduction of unemployment and poverty.

(iv) Helped in bridging down the regional disparity.

(v) Helped in the expansion of trade and commerce.

(vi) Helped in raising foreign exchange.

(b) Describe any five steps taken to save fresh water from industrial pollution.

(i) Minimising the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.

(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.

(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases-

(iv) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.

(v) Secondary treatment by biological process.

(vi) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes.

(vii) This involves recycling of wastewater.

(viii) Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balances.