(a) Explain the reasons why most of the Jute industries in India are located in West Bengal.

(i) Proximity of jute producing area.

(ii) Inexpensive and well-connected water transport.

(iii) Abundant water for processing raw jute.

(iv) Good network of railways and roadways.

(v) Cheap labour.

(vi) Kolkata as a large urban centre provides banking, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.

(b) Explain the measures to reduce industrial pollution.

(i) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in water.

(ii) Primary treatment by mechanical means.

(iii) Secondary treatment by biological process.

(iv) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes.

(v) Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.

(vi) Smoke can be reduced by using oil and gas instead of coal in factories.

(vii) Machinery and equipment can be used, and generators should be fitted with silencers.

(viii) Machinery should be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduced noise.

(ix) Noise absorbing materials should be used.

(x) Minimise waste generation.

(xi) Provide green belts for nurturing ecological balance.

(xii) Ecological monitoring and reviews should be ensured.