(a) Explain the importance of manufacturing industries.

(i) The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries and is considered the backbone of the economy.

(ii) Helps to modernize agriculture

(iii) Reduces dependency on agriculture

(iv) Help to eradicate unemployment and poverty

(v) Reduces regional disparities by setting up industries in remote areas.

(vi) Earns foreign exchange

(vii) Brings overall prosperity

(b) Explain any five ways to reduce industrial pollution.

(i) Minimising use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages

(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements

(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases

(a) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.

(b) Secondary treatment by biological process

(c) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.

(iv)Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry where there is a threat to ground water resources also needs to be regulated legally.

(v)Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks tofactories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers andinertial separators. Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.

(vi)Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.

(vii) Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noises.