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Business Studies · 2026 · 6 marks
CBSE 2026 · Region 2 · Set 1 · Q32
‘Freshju’ is a trading company, selling bottled juices made by other
manufacturers. Now, it planned to sell its juices across India. For this,
‘Freshju’ decided to enter into ‘Juice manufacturing’. It also has
ambitious plans to export its juices to other countries in the future. To
meet anticipated higher demand in future, the company set-up a larger
manufacturing unit. The Chief Executive Officer, Ravinder, ordered
automatic juice-filling and bottling machines to increase speed, improve
hygiene and for consistency in production. Since the investment was huge,
instead of buying all new machinery ‘Freshju’ took some expensive
machines on lease.
They also collaborated with a nearby packaging unit to use their
packing machines during peak-season. This helped ‘Freshju’ to manage
seasonal surges in demand without investing in additional equipment
that would remain underutilized during off season.
Quoting lines from the above, identify and explain any four factors that
will affect the fixed capital requirements of ‘Freshju’.
Marking-scheme solution
Factors that will affect the fixed capital requirements of 'Freshju':
(i)
‘For this, 'Freshju' decided to enter into 'Juice manufacturing.’
Nature of Business
A trading concern needs lower investment in fixed assets compared with a
manufacturing organization since it does not require to purchase plant and machinery
etc.
(ii)
‘To meet anticipated higher demand in future, the company set-up a larger
manufacturing unit.’
Or
‘It also has ambitious plans to export its juices to other countries in the future’
Growth Prospects
When a company expects higher growth in the future, it creates higher capacity in
order to meet the anticipated higher demand quicker. This entails larger investment in
fixed capital.
(iii)
‘To meet anticipated higher demand in future, the company set-up a larger
manufacturing unit.’
Scale of Operations
A larger organisation operating at a higher scale needs bigger plant, more space etc.
and therefore, requires higher investment in fixed assets when compared with the
small organisation.
(iv)
‘The Chief Executive Officer, Ravinder, ordered automatic juice-filling and
bottling machines to increase speed, improve hygiene and for consistency in
production.’
Choice of Technique
A capital-intensive organisation requires higher investment in plant and machinery,
thus higher fixed capital than a labour intensive organisation.
(v)
‘Since the investment was huge, instead of buying all new machinery 'Freshju'
took some expensive machines on lease.’
Financing Alternatives
Availability of leasing facilities, may reduce the funds required to be invested in fixed
assets, thereby reducing the fixed capital requirements.
(vi)
‘They also collaborated with a nearby packaging unit to use their packing
machines during peak-season.’
Level of Collaboration
Collaboration reduces the level of investment in fixed assets when the organisations
share each other’s facilities in case the scale of operations of each one of them is not
sufficient to make full use of the facility.
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CBSE Class 12 Business Studies past-paper question from the 2026board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.