(a) Natural selection operates in different ways in nature. (i) Identify the type of natural selection depicted in the graph above. (ii) In England…

Directional Selection

During post-industrialisation period due to smoke and soot tree trunks

became dark , lichens were not able to grow on the tree trunks , white moths were not able to camouflage and were eaten by the predators and their population size decreased, while dark moth population size increased due to their natural selection or camouflage with the background.

Industrialisation leads to the natural selection of melanised moth, causing

dominance of dark moth over white moth / excess use of herbicides or pesticides or antibiotics or drugs, leads to selection of resistant varieties or organisms or cells or any correct example in lesser time scale

35S is a component of protein and , 32P is a component of DNA which help in

identification (and confirmation) of protein and genetic material or DNA /

To detect and confirm whether DNA or protein, passed from virus to bacteria.

Blending remove viral coat from bacteria or E.coli by agitating

Centrifugation: separation of virus coat from bacteria or E.coli by spinning in a centrifuge

DNA is the genetic material