(a) Explain the mutually rewarding relationship between Yucca plant and species of moth.

− Moth deposits its eggs in the locule of the ovary, during this the Yucca flower gets pollinated by the moth.

− The larvae of the moth come out of the eggs when the seeds start developing, some of the seeds are eaten by the larvae as food.

− Orchid Ophrys employs ‘Sexual deceit’ to get itself pollinated by species of bee.

− One petal of its flower bears resemblance to the female of the bee in size colour and marking.

− The male bee is attracted towards that petal of the flower and pseudo-copulates with the flower and pollinate it.

− If female bee colour pattern changes even slightly for any reason during evolution pollination success will be reduced unless the orchid flower co-evolves.