(a) Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922? Explain.

(i) In February $\displaystyle 1922$ a peaceful demonstration at Chauri-Chaura in Gorakhpur turned into a violent clash with the police.

(ii) Hearing of the incident Mahatma Gandhi called a halt to the Non- Cooperation Movement.

(iii) Mahatma Gandhi felt that the Non-Cooperation Movement was running violent in many places and Satyagrahis needed to be properly trained.

(iv) So, after Chauri Chaura event he withdrew that movement.

(b) How did the First World War create a new economic situation in India? Explain.

(i) The First World War led to huge increase in defence expenditure.

(ii) Taxes and custom duties were raised

(iii) Income tax was introduced.

(iv) Prices increased through the war years leading to extreme hardship for the common people.

(v) Acute shortage of food.