CBSE 2022 · Region 4 · Set 3 · Q12

Read the given case and answer the questions that follow: 'It is said of"passive resistance"that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active. . . ' 'Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction. . . In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever. ' 'Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love. . . Non-violence is the supreme dharma. . . ' 'It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war-god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own. . . ' ($\displaystyle 12.1$) What type of movement Gandhiji organised in South Africa? ($\displaystyle 12.2$) Why is satyagraha considered as pure soul-force? ($\displaystyle 12.3$) How has Gandhiji described passive resistance?