(A) Explain the role of Gandhiji in the Non-cooperation Movement with examples.

(i) Gandhiji’s idea of non-cooperation stems from his idea of not cooperating with the British as mentioned in Hind Swaraj.

(ii) Gandhiji wanted the movement to unfold in stages.

(iii) Surrender of titles awarded by the British government.

(iv) Boycott of British services like boycott of civil services, army, police, courts, schools and legislative councils

(v) Boycott of British goods and promotion of Indian goods like khadi.

(vi) Launching of a full civil disobedience campaign in the face of repression.

(vii) Gandhiji’s support to the Khilafat agitation united Hindus and Muslims.

(viii) Gandhiji played a role in the adoption of the non-cooperation programme at the Congress session held at Nagpur.

(ix) Participation of the middleclass in towns and cities following Gandhiji’s call.

(x) Participation of peasants, tribals and plantation workers in the name of Gandhiji.

(xi) Gandhiji’s call for non-cooperation united Indians from different communities to rise up against colonial rule.

(B) How did the Civil Disobedience Movement able to bring all communities together in India? Explain with examples.

(i) Rejection of $\displaystyle 11$ demands in the letter written by Gandhiji to Viceroy, Lord Irwin brought people together.

(ii) Taking up the cause of the salt tax united communities across India as salt was a commodity consumed by the rich and poor alike.

(iii) Dandi March initiated to break the Salt law.

(iv) Started with $\displaystyle 78$ volunteers and was joined by thousands.

(v) Breaking of salt laws by thousands of people.

(vi) Participation of forest people who violated forest laws.

(vii) Peasants refused to pay chowkidari taxes.

(viii) Participation of rich peasants (patidars and jats).

(ix) Participation of poor peasants.

(x) Participation by Indian industrialists.

(xi) Participation by workers.

(xii) Large scale participation of women.