✓ Board-verified
Social Science · 2026 · 5 marks
The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeMeasures to Create a Sense of Collective Identity Among the French5 marks
CBSE 2026 · Region 4 · Set 3 · Q7
Describe the various measures that French revolutionaries introduced to create a sense of collective identity among the French people.Describe the role of Giuseppe Mazzini in the Italian unification.
Describe the various measures that French revolutionaries introduced to create a sense of collective identity among the French people.
Describe the role of Giuseppe Mazzini in the Italian unification.
Marking-scheme solution
(i) The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasized the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.
(ii) A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard.
(iii) The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly.
(iv) New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of the nation.
(v) A centralised administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory.
(vi) Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted.
(vii) Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation
OR 7.(b) Describe the role of Giuseppe Mazzini in the Italian unification.
(i) Giuseppe Mazzini who was born in Genoa in $\displaystyle 1805$, became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari.
(ii) As a young man of $\displaystyle 24$, he was sent into exile in $\displaystyle 1831$ for attempting a revolution in Liguria.
(iii) He founded two underground societies, first, Young Italy in Marseilles, and then, Young Europe in Berne, whose members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states.
(iv) Mazzini believed that God had intended nations to be the natural units of mankind.
(v) Italy could not continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms. It had to be forged into a single unified republic within a wider alliance of nations.
(vi) This unification alone could be the basis of Italian liberty.
(vii) Secret societies were set up in Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland following his model.
(viii) Mazzini’s relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics frightened the conservatives. Metternich described him as the most dangerous enemy of their social order.
More from The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
- Arrange the following events in the chronological order and choose the correct option: I. The Treaty of…2025 · asked 3×
- Read the following facts related to 'Napoleonic Code' carefully and choose the correct option: I. Abolition…2025 · asked 3×
- From which of the following countries Giuseppe Garibaldi belonged to?2024 · asked 3×
- Who among the following hosted the 'Vienna Congress' in 1815?2024 · asked 3×
- How did the ideology of 'liberalism' affect the Europe in early nineteenth century? Explain. 5 OR Explain the…2024 · asked 3×
- Which one of the following countries has 'one-party system'?2024 · asked 3×
- Explain Romanticism as a cultural movement in Europe. OR Explain Frederic Sarrieu's dream in the context of…2023 · asked 3×
- Analyse the role of Chief Minister Cavour who led the movement to unite the regions of Italy. OR Examine the…2023 · asked 3×
CBSE Class 10 Social Science past-paper question from the 2026board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.