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NCERT Exemplar · Class 9 Science Tissues

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Short Answer Questions 34–43 (part 4 of 6)

  1. Exercise 34

    Animals of colder regions and fishes of cold water have thicker layer of subcutaneous fat. Describe why?

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    NCERT’s answer
    Hint— Fat acts as subcutaneous insulation of body for thermoregulation
    Fat is a poor conductor of heat. \(\displaystyle T_{surroundings}\downarrow \Rightarrow\) heat-loss risk\(\displaystyle \uparrow\), so a thicker fat layer \(\displaystyle \Rightarrow\) better insulation \(\displaystyle \Rightarrow\) heat loss\(\displaystyle \downarrow\). This protects animals of cold regions, and fishes of cold water, against the cold.Answer: A thick subcutaneous fat layer insulates the body and minimises heat loss in cold surroundings.

  2. Exercise 35

    Match the column (A) with the column (B)
    (A)
    (B)(a)
    Fluid connective tissue
    (i)
    Subcutaneous layer
    (b)
    Filling of space inside the organs
    (ii)
    Cartilage
    (c)
    Striated muscle
    (iii)
    Skeletal muscle
    (d)
    Adipose tissue
    (iv)
    Areolar tissue
    (e)
    Surface of joints
    (v)
    Blood
    (f)
    Stratified squamous epithelium
    (vi)
    Skin

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    NCERT’s answer
    a—v; b—iv; c—iii; d—i; e—ii; f—vi;
    Blood is fluid, its cells suspended in plasma; areolar tissue fills the space inside organs; skeletal muscle fibres show alternate light-dark striations; adipose tissue stores fat in the subcutaneous layer under the skin; cartilage cushions and smooths bone surfaces at joints; skin's epidermis is stratified squamous epithelium.Answer: (a)-(v), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i), (e)-(ii), (f)-(vi)

  3. Exercise 36

    Match the column (A) with the column (B)
    (A)
    (B)(a)
    Parenchyma
    (i)
    Thin walled, packing cells
    (b)
    Photosynthesis
    (ii)
    Carbon fixation
    (c)
    Aerenchyma
    (iii)
    Localized thickenings
    (d)
    Collenchyma
    (iv)
    Buoyancy
    (e)
    Permanent tissue
    (v)
    Sclerenchyma

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    NCERT’s answer
    a—i; b—ii c—iv; d—iii; e—v;
    Parenchyma cells are thin-walled packing cells; photosynthesis fixes carbon; aerenchyma's large air spaces give aquatic plants buoyancy; collenchyma has localized wall thickenings for flexible support; sclerenchyma, with thick lignified dead cells, is an example of a simple permanent tissue.Answer: (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii), (e)-(v)

  4. Exercise 37

    If a potted plant is covered with a glass jar, water vapours appear on the wall of glass jar. Explain why?

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    NCERT’s answer
    Hint— Because of transpiration
    Leaves lose water vapour continuously by transpiration through their stomata. \(\displaystyle \text{Transpiration} \Rightarrow\) water vapour from the leaves is trapped inside the closed jar \(\displaystyle \Rightarrow\) it condenses as droplets on the cooler glass wall.Answer: The droplets are transpired water vapour condensing on the cooler glass wall.

  5. Exercise 38

    Name the different components of xylem and draw a living component?

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    NCERT’s answer
    Hint—Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres. Nucleus Cytoplasm Xylem parenchyma Sieve plate Sieve tube Phloem parenchyma Companion cell
    Xylem is made of tracheids, vessels, xylem fibres and xylem parenchyma; the tracheids, vessels and fibres are dead, thick-walled cells built for conduction and support. Only xylem parenchyma is living: thin-walled, it stores food and helps sideways movement of water. NCERT_Solution_Class9_Science_Exemplar_Ch6_Q38Answer: Components: tracheids, vessels, xylem fibres, xylem parenchyma; the living one is xylem parenchyma.

  6. Exercise 39

    Draw and identify different elements of phloem.

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    NCERT’s answer
    Hint—Sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma. Section of phloem
    NCERT_Solution_Class9_Science_Exemplar_Ch6_Q39 Phloem has four elements — sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem (bast) fibres; all are living except the fibres, which are dead.Answer: The four phloem elements: sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, phloem fibres.

  7. Exercise 40

    Write true (T) or false (F)
    (a)
    Epithelial tissue is protective tissue in animal body.
    (b)
    The lining of blood vessels, lung alveoli and kidney tubules are all made
    up of epithelial tissue.
    (c)
    Epithelial cells have a lot of intercellular spaces.
    (d)
    Epithelial layer is permeable layer.
    (e)
    Epithelial layer does not allow regulation of materials between body
    and external environment.

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    (a)
    —T, (b)—T, (c)—F, (d) —T, (e)—F
    Epithelium covers and protects body surfaces — (a) true — and lines blood vessels, alveoli and kidney tubules — (b) true. Cells lie compactly packed with almost no intercellular space, so (c) is false. Selective permeability lets materials move between the body and its surroundings, so (d) is true and (e), which denies this, is false.Answer: (a) T, (b) T, (c) F, (d) T, (e) F

  8. Exercise 41

    Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary muscles. Give one example of each type.

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    NCERT’s answer
    Voluntary muscles can be moved by conscious will when we want them to move. For example, muscles of limbs or skeletal muscles. Involuntary muscles function on their own. We cannot start or stop them from working by our desire. examples are cardiac muscles and smooth muscles.
    Voluntary muscles contract and relax under conscious will; they are striated and attached to bones, e.g. the biceps. Involuntary muscles act without conscious control and are usually unstriated (smooth), e.g. the gut wall — though cardiac muscle is striated yet still involuntary. Answer: Voluntary — conscious control, striated, e.g. biceps; Involuntary — no conscious control, usually smooth, e.g. gut-wall muscle (cardiac is the striated exception).

  9. Exercise 42

    Differentiate the following activities on the basis of voluntary (V) or
    involuntary (I V) muscles.
    (a)
    Jumping of frog
    (b)
    Pumping of the heart
    (c)
    Writing with hand
    (d)
    Movement of chocolate in your intestine

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    NCERT’s answer
    (a)
    —V, (b)—I V, (c)—V, (d) —I V
    Voluntary muscle contracts by will (skeletal); involuntary contracts on its own (cardiac, smooth).
    (a)
    Jumping — voluntary, skeletal muscle drives the leap.
    (b)
    Heartbeat — involuntary, cardiac muscle beats unwilled.
    (c)
    Writing — voluntary, skeletal muscle of the hand.
    (d)
    Gut movement — involuntary, smooth muscle pushes food by peristalsis.
    Answer: (a) V (b) IV (c) V (d) IV.

  10. Exercise 43

    Fill in the blanks
    (a)
    Lining of blood vessels is made up of———.
    (b)
    Lining of small intestine is made up of ———.
    (c)
    Lining of kidney tubules is made up of———.
    (d)
    Epithelial cells with cilia are found in———of our body.

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    NCERT’s answer
    (a)
    squamous epithelium (b) columnar epithelium (c) cuboidal epithelium (d) respiratory tract
    (a)
    squamous — lines vessels.
    (b)
    columnar — lines the gut.
    (c)
    cuboidal — lines kidney tubules.
    (d)
    respiratory tract — cilia sweep dust outward.
    Answer: (a) squamous (b) columnar (c) cuboidal (d) respiratory tract (trachea).