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NCERT Exemplar · Class 9 Science Diversity in Living Organisms

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Short Answer Questions 35–44 (part 5 of 7)

  1. Exercise 35

    Write true (T) or false (F)
    (a)
    Whittaker proposed five kingdom classification.
    (b)
    Monera is divided into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
    (c)
    Starting from Class, Species comes before the Genus.
    (d)
    Anabaena belongs to the kingdom Monera.
    (e)
    Blue green algae belongs to the kingdom Protista.
    (f)
    All prokaryotes are classified under Monera.

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    NCERT’s answer
    (a)
    T (b) T (c) F (d) T (e) F (f) T
    (a)
    True — Whittaker ($\displaystyle 1969$) proposed the five-kingdom system.
    (b)
    True — Woese split Monera into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
    (c)
    False — the sequence is Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species; Genus precedes Species.
    (d)
    True — Anabaena is a cyanobacterium, kingdom Monera.
    (e)
    False — blue-green algae are Monera, not Protista.
    (f)
    True — Monera comprises all prokaryotes.
    Answer: (a) T (b) T (c) F (d) T (e) F (f) T

  2. Exercise 36

    Fill in the blanks
    (a)
    Fungi shows———mode of nutrition.
    (b)
    Cell wall of fungi is made up of ———.
    (c)
    Association between blue green algae and fungi is called as———.
    (d)
    Chemical nature of chitin is ———.
    (e)
    ———has smallest number of organisms with maximum number of
    similar characters
    (f)
    Plants without well differentiated stem, root and leaf are kept in ———.
    (g)
    ———are called as amphibians of the plant kingdom.

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    NCERT’s answer
    (a)
    saprophytic (b) chitin (c) lichens (d) carbohydrate (e) species (f) thallophyta (g) bryophytes
    (a)
    heterotrophic (mostly saprophytic — absorbs from dead organic matter). (b) chitin. (c) lichen. (d) a nitrogenous polysaccharide. (e) species. (f) Thallophyta. (g) Bryophytes.
    Answer: heterotrophic; chitin; lichen; nitrogenous polysaccharide; species; Thallophyta; Bryophytes.

  3. Exercise 37

    You are provided with the seeds of gram, wheat, rice, pumpkin, maize and pea. Classify them whether they are monocot or dicot.

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    NCERT’s answer
    Gram—dicot Wheat—monocot Rice—monocot, Pumpkin—dicot Maize—monocot Pea—dicot
    Cotyledon number decides the group. Monocot (one cotyledon): wheat, rice, maize. Dicot (two cotyledons): gram, pumpkin, pea.Answer: Monocot — wheat, rice, maize; dicot — gram, pumpkin, pea.

  4. Exercise 38

    Match items of column (A) with items of column (B)
    (A)
    (B)(a)
    Naked seed
    (A)
    Angiosperms
    (b)
    Covered seed
    (B)
    Gymnosperms
    (c)
    Flagella
    (C)
    Bryophytes
    (d)
    Marchantia
    (D)
    Euglena
    (e)
    Marsilea
    (E)
    Thallophyta
    (f)
    Cladophora
    (F)
    Pteridophyta
    (g)
    Penicillium
    (G)
    Fungi

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    NCERT’s answer
    (a)
    —B; (b)—A; (c)—D; (d)—C; (e)—F; (f)—E, (g)—G.
    (a)
    -(B) Gymnosperms bear naked seeds (no fruit wall). (b)-(A) Angiosperms enclose the seed in a fruit. (c)-(D) Euglena moves by a flagellum. (d)-(C) Marchantia is a liverwort, a bryophyte. (e)-(F) Marsilea is a fern, a pteridophyte. (f)-(E) Cladophora is a filamentous alga, Thallophyta. (g)-(G) Penicillium is a fungus.
    Answer: a-B, b-A, c-D, d-C, e-F, f-E, g-G.

  5. Exercise 39

    Match items of column (A) with items of column (B)
    (A)
    (B)(a)
    Pore bearing animals
    (A)
    Arthropoda
    (b)
    Diploblastic
    (B)
    Coelenterata
    (c)
    Metameric segmentation
    (C)
    Porifera
    (d)
    Jointed legs
    (D)
    Echinodermata
    (e)
    Soft bodied animals
    (E)
    Mollusca
    (f)
    Spiny skinned animals
    (F)
    Annelida

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    NCERT’s answer
    (a)
    —C; (b)—B; (c)—F; (d)—A; (e)—E; (f)—D
    (a)
    -(C) Porifera: pores (ostia) over the body wall. (b)-(B) Coelenterata: two germ layers, ecto- and endoderm. (c)-(F) Annelida: body repeats as similar segments (metameres). (d)-(A) Arthropoda: paired jointed legs, chitinous exoskeleton. (e)-(E) Mollusca: unsegmented soft body, usually shelled. (f)-(D) Echinodermata: calcareous spines project from the skin.
    Answer: a-C, b-B, c-F, d-A, e-E, f-D.

  6. Exercise 40

    Classify the following organisms based on the absence/presence of true coelom (i.e., acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate) Spongilla, Sea anemone, Planaria, Liver fluke Wuchereria, Ascaris, Nereis, Earthworm, Scorpion, Birds, Fishes, Horse.

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    NCERT’s answer
    Spongilla —Acoelomate Sea anemone—Acoelomate Planaria—Acoelomate Liver fluke—Acoelomate Wuchereria—Pseudocoelomate Ascaris—Psudocoelomate Nereis—Coelomate Scorpion—Coelomate Earthworm—Coelomate Birds, Fishes and Horse—Coelomate
    Coelom is the cavity between gut wall and body wall. No cavity — Spongilla, Sea anemone, Planaria, Liver fluke. Pseudocoelom (cavity present, not fully lined by mesoderm) — Wuchereria, Ascaris. True coelom (fully mesoderm-lined) — Nereis, Earthworm, Scorpion, Birds, Fishes, Horse.Answer: Acoelomate: Spongilla, Sea anemone, Planaria, Liver fluke. Pseudocoelomate: Wuchereria, Ascaris. Coelomate: Nereis, Earthworm, Scorpion, Birds, Fishes, Horse.

  7. Exercise 41

    Endoskeleton of fishes are made up of cartilage and bone; classify the following fishes as cartilagenous or bony Torpedo, Sting ray, Dog fish, Rohu, Angler fish, Exocoetus.

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    Cartilaginous endoskeleton, never ossifies to bone — Torpedo, Sting ray, Dog fish (Chondrichthyes). Bony endoskeleton, mineralised and rigid — Rohu, Angler fish, Exocoetus (Osteichthyes). Answer: Cartilaginous — Torpedo, Sting ray, Dog fish. Bony — Rohu, Angler fish, Exocoetus.NCERT prints: Angler fish—Cartilagenous — a misprint: anglerfish (Lophiiformes) are teleosts, classified as bony fish (Osteichthyes).

  8. Exercise 42

    Classify the following based on number of chambers in their heart. Rohu, Scoliodon, Frog, Salamander, Flying lizard, King Cobra, Crocodile, Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat, Whale

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    NCERT’s answer
    Rohu, Scoliodon— $\displaystyle 2$ chambered. Frog, Salamander, Flying lizard, King Cobra—$\displaystyle 3$ chambered. Crocodile, Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat, Whale—$\displaystyle 4$ chambered.
    $\displaystyle 2$ chambers ($\displaystyle 1$ atrium, $\displaystyle 1$ ventricle), single circuit — Rohu, Scoliodon. $\displaystyle 3$ chambers ($\displaystyle 2$ atria + $\displaystyle 1$ ventricle; ventricle undivided in Frog and Salamander, partially septate in Flying lizard and King Cobra), partial mixing — Frog, Salamander, Flying lizard, King Cobra. $\displaystyle 4$ chambers, complete septum, no mixing — Crocodile, Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat, Whale. Answer: $\displaystyle 2$-chambered: Rohu, Scoliodon. $\displaystyle 3$-chambered: Frog, Salamander, Flying lizard, King Cobra. $\displaystyle 4$-chambered: Crocodile, Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat, Whale.

  9. Exercise 43

    Classify Rohu, Scolidon, Flying lizard, King Kobra, Frog, Salamander, Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat, Crocodile and Whale into the cold blooded/warm blooded animals.

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    NCERT’s answer
    Cold blooded—Rohu, Scoliodon, Frog, Salamander, Flying Lizard, King Cobra, Crocodile, Warm blooded— Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat, Whale.
    Fish, amphibians and reptiles are poikilotherms (cold-blooded), their body temperature following the surroundings; birds and mammals are homeotherms (warm-blooded), holding a constant temperature. Answer: Cold-blooded — Rohu, Scoliodon, Flying lizard, King Kobra, Frog, Salamander, Crocodile. Warm-blooded — Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat, Whale.

  10. Exercise 44

    Name two egg laying mammals.

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    NCERT’s answer
    (i)
    Platypus (ii) Echidna
    Monotremes are the only mammals that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young. Answer: Platypus (Ornithorhynchus) and Echidna.