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Business Studies · 2026 · 6 marks
CBSE 2026 · Region 3 · Set 3 · Q34
(a) Explain the following features of planning: (i) Planning is a primary function of management (ii) Planning is continuous (iii) Planning is a…
(a)
Explain the following features of planning :
(i)
Planning is a primary function of management
(ii)
Planning is continuous
(iii)
Planning is a mental exercise
OR
(b)
Explain the following steps in the process of planning :
(i)
Setting objectives
(ii)
Developing premises
(iii)
Identifying alternative courses of action
Marking-scheme solution
Features of Planning:
(i)
Planning is a primary function of management:
▪ Planning lays down the base for other functions of management
and all other managerial functions are performed within the
framework of the plans drawn; thus, being referred to as the
primacy of planning.
▪ Planning precedes other functions even though the various
functions of management are interrelated and equally important.
(ii)
Planning is continuous:
▪ Plans are prepared for a specific period of time, and at the end of
that period there is need for a new plan to be drawn on the basis
of new requirements and future conditions.
▪ Hence, planning is a continuous process which means that a plan
is framed, it is implemented, and is followed by another plan, and
so on.
(iii)
Planning is a mental exercise:
▪ Planning requires application of the mind involving foresight,
intelligent imagination and sound judgement making it an
intellectual activity of thinking rather than doing.
▪ Planning requires logical and systematic thinking rather than
guess work, that is, it must be orderly and based on the analysis
of facts and forecasts.
Or
Q (b). Explain the following steps in the process of planning:
(i)
Setting objectives
(ii)
Developing premises
(iii)
Identifying alternative courses of action
Steps in Planning Process:
(i)
Setting objectives:
▪ Objectives specify what the organisation wants to
achieve.
▪ Objectives may be set for the entire organization, each
department and employees at all levels. If the end result is
clear, it becomes easier to work towards the goal.
(ii)
Developing premises:
▪ A manager is required to make certain assumptions about the
future which are called premises.
▪ Assumptions are the base material upon which plans are to be
drawn, which may be in the form of forecasts, existing plans
or any past information about policies.
(iii)
Identifying alternative courses of action:
▪ There may be many ways to achieve objectives. All the
alternative courses of action should be identified.
▪ The course of action which may be taken could be either
routine or innovative. An innovative course may be adopted
by involving more people and sharing their ideas.
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CBSE Class 12 Business Studies past-paper question from the 2026 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.