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Biology · 2023 · 5 marks
CBSE 2023 · Region 5 · Set 3 · Q31
(a) (i) How and why is charging of tRNA essential in the process of translation? (ii) State the function of ribosome as a catalyst in bacteria during…
(a)(i)
How and why is charging of tRNA essential in the process of translation ?
(ii)
State the function of ribosome as a catalyst in bacteria during the process of translation.
(iii)
Explain the process of binding of ribosomal units to mRNA during protein synthesis.
OR
(b)
Describe the dihybrid cross upto $\displaystyle \mathrm{F}_{2}$ generation as conducted by Gregor Mendel using pure lines of Garden Pea for characters seed shape and seed colour.
Marking-scheme solution
(a) (i)
Amino acid activated in presence of ATP and attached to their cognate tRNA
When two charged tRNA are in close contact they form peptide bond/ Peptide bond formation between two charged tRNA is favoured energetically.
(ii) To enhance the rate of peptide bonds formation/ help in formation of peptide bond formation
(iii) Small subunit encounter an mRNA, the process of translation begins, there are two sites in larger subunit for subsequent amino acid to bind to, and thus be close enough to each other for the formation of peptide bond.
Dihybrid cross
Phenotypic ratio -- round yellow : round green : wrinkled yellow : wrinkled green = $\displaystyle 9$ : $\displaystyle 3$ : $\displaystyle 3$ : 1.
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