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Biology · 2026 · 3 marks
CBSE 2026 · Region 2 · Set 3 · Q26
(a) Compare homologous and analogous organs by giving any one point of difference. (b) Mention the type of evolution each represents and give one…
(a)
Compare homologous and analogous organs by giving any one point of difference.
(b)
Mention the type of evolution each represents and give one example of each from plants and animals.
Marking-scheme solution
(a)
| Homologous organs | Analogous organs |
| Organs having the same basic anatomical structure but modified to perform different functions. | Organs not similar in structure but perform similar function. |
| Have common ancestry | Do not have common ancestry |
| Show divergent Evolution | Show Convergent Evolution |
(b)
• Homologous Organs show divergent Evolution, Analogous organs show
Convergent Evolution.
• Homologous Organs – Plants example - Thorns and tendrils of
Bougainvillea and Cucurbita
Animals example- pattern of bones of forelimbs of Whales, bats,
Cheetah and humans/ vertebrate hearts/ vertebrate brains.
Analogous Organs – Plants example – Sweet potato (root modification) and Potato (Stem modification)
Animals example- wings of butterfly and birds / eye of Octopus and mammals / flippers of Penguin and Dolphin.
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CBSE Class 12 Biology past-paper question from the 2026 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.