CBSE 2023 · Region 6 · Set 1 · Q34

Read the given source and answer the questions that follow : INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT By the first decade of the twentieth century a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialization in India. As the swadeshi movement gathered momentum, nationalists mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth. Industrial groups organised themselves to protect their collective interests, pressurising the government to increase tariff protection and grant other concessions. From $\displaystyle 1906$, moreover, the export of Indian yarn to China declined since produce from Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began shifting from yarn to cloth production. Cotton piece goods production in India doubled between $\displaystyle 1900$ and 1912. Yet, till the First World War, industrial growth was slow. The war created a dramatically new situation. With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined. Suddenly, Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs : jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items. New factories were set up and old ones ran multiple shifts. Many new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours. Over the war years industrial production boomed. ($\displaystyle 34.1$) What was the Swadeshi Movement ? ($\displaystyle 34.2$) Why did the Cotton piece goods production in India double between $\displaystyle 1900$ to $\displaystyle 1912$ ? ($\displaystyle 34.3$) Explain any two events that helped India to regain its market.