(a) How can development for one be destructive for another? Explain.

(i) Different people have different notions of development.

(ii) They seek things that are most important for them, i.e., which can fulfil their aspirations or desires.

(iii) In fact, at times, two persons or groups of persons may seek things which are conflicting.

(iv) A girl expects as much freedom and opportunity as her brother, and that he also shares in the household work. Her brother may not like this.

(v) To get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams.

(vi) This may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are living there. They might resent this and may prefer small check dams or tanks to irrigate their land.

(vii) This shows that developmental goal for one may be destructive for another.

(b) Why is the income considered most important for comparing countries? Explain.

(i) The average income is also called per capita income.

(ii) We compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population.

(iii) For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes.

(iv) Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income.

(v) This is based on the understanding that more income means more of all things that human beings need.

(vi) Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income.

(vii) Comparing total income does not tell us what an average person is likely to earn.

(viii) In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, the per capita income criterion is used in classifying countries as developed and developing.