(a) Analyse the social and economic goals of development.

Social Goals

(i) Quality education and skill development for all.

(ii) Accessible and affordable healthcare for everyone.

(iii) Women empowerment through equal opportunities and leadership roles.

(iv) Ensuring dignity, equity, and social justice for all individuals.

(v) Promoting social harmony in a diverse society.

(vi) Strengthening coordination and cooperation between majority and minority communities.

Economic Goals

(i) Increasing per capita income to improve the standard of living.

(ii) Enhancing sectoral development for balanced economic growth.

(iii) Driving industrial growth to boost employment and innovation.

(iv) Strengthening infrastructure to support economic expansion.

(v) Modernizing agriculture for higher productivity and sustainability.

(vi) Promoting renewable energy.

(vii) Encouraging self-reliance through local manufacturing.

(viii) Ensuring sustainable economic growth with environmental responsibility.

(ix) Expanding global trade.

(b) Why is the question of sustainability of development becoming challenging in the present times? Analyse the appropriate reasons.

(i) Sustainable development refers to meeting the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future generations.

(ii) With growing population and growing demands for resources sustainability is becoming challenging in the present time.

(iii) Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries. Sustainability is a global issue and requires global co-operation.

(iv) Promoting sustainable industrialization can ensure resource efficiency and long-term economic growth.

(v) Eco-friendly technologies drive economic growth while protecting the environment. More government policy support can help ensure sustainability.

(vi) Lifestyle changes are leading to overconsumption. Public awareness and responsible consumption can contribute to long- term sustainability.

(vii) Advancing alternative energy like solar and wind power reduces dependence on fossil fuels.

(viii) Strengthening environmental policies and regulations helps control pollution and preserve ecosystems.

(ix) Encouraging afforestation and biodiversity conservation supports ecological balance.

(x) Investing in sustainable agriculture ensures food security while conserving natural resources.

(xi) Water conservation initiatives and efficient irrigation techniques enhance water security.