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Social Science · 2025 · 3 marks
The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeMeasures to Create a Sense of Collective Identity Among the French3 marksUnderstandshort answer
CBSE 2025 · Region 4 · Set 1 · Q25
(A) Describe the steps taken by French revolutionaries to create a sense of national unity and belonging.
(A)
Describe the steps taken by French revolutionaries to create a sense of national unity and belonging.
OR
(B)
Describe the historical factors that contributed to the emergence of nationalist tensions in the Balkans.
Marking-scheme solution
Ideas of “la patrie” (the fatherland) and “le citoyen” (the
(i) citizen)
(ii) A new tricolour replaced the former royal standard.
(iii) The Estate General body was renamed as the National Assembly.
(iv) New hymns were composed, oaths were taken and martyrs commemorated in the name of the nation.
(v) A centralized administrative system was introduced.
(vi) Uniform laws for all citizens.
(vii) Internal custom duties and dues abolished.
(viii) Introduction of uniform system of weights and measures adopted.
(ix) Regional dialects replaced by French spoken in Paris.
(B) Describe the historical factors that contributed to the emergence of nationalist tensions in the Balkans.
(i) Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation.
(ii) Large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman Empire.
(iii) Ideas of romantic nationalism and the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made the region explosive.
(iv) The Ottomans failed in their attempts to modernize through internal reforms.
(v) The European nationalists broke away from Ottoman control and declared their independence.
(vi) The Balkan people claimed their independence and political rights on nationality proving that they had once been independent.
(vii) The Balkan area became one of intense conflict when every Balkan nation sought to expand its territory at the cost of the other.
(viii) Matters became worse due to Big Power rivalry in this region.
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CBSE Class 10 Social Science past-paper question from the 2025 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.