(a) Analyse the role of Chief Minister Cavour who led the movement to unite the regions of Italy.

(i) Chief Minister Cavour who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.

(ii) Like many other wealthy and educated members of the Italian elite, he spoke French much better that he did Italian.

(iii) Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France engineered by Cavour, Sardania – Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.

(B) Examine the ideas of liberal nationalism in Europe during nineteenth century.

(i) For the new middle classes liberalism stood for the freedom for the individual and equality of all before law.

(ii) Politically it emphasised the government by consent.

(iii) Liberals also stressed the inviolability of private property.

(iv) In the economic sphere, liberalism stood for the freedom of market and abolition of state imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.