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Science · 2026 · 5 marks
CBSE 2026 · Region 1 · Set 1 · Q29 (b)
Mohan heated ethanol with a compound 'X' in the presence of a few drops of conc. H_2 SO_4 and observed a sweet smelling compound 'Y' is formed. When…
Mohan heated ethanol with a compound 'X' in the presence of a few drops of conc. $\displaystyle \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ and observed a sweet smelling compound 'Y' is formed. When 'Y' is treated with sodium hydroxide it gives back ethanol and a compound 'Z'.
(i)
Identify 'X', 'Y' and 'Z'.
(ii)
Write the role of conc. $\displaystyle \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ in the reaction.
(iii)
Write the chemical equations involved and name the reactions.
Marking-scheme solution
(i)
$\displaystyle \mathrm{X}-\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH} /$ ethanoic acid /acetic acid
$\displaystyle \mathrm{Y}-\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} / \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3} /$ ester $\displaystyle /$ ethyl ethanoate
$\displaystyle \mathrm{Z}-\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COONa} /$ sodium ethanoate $\displaystyle /$ sodium acetate
(ii)
Catalyst/ dehydrating agent
(iii)
Esterification reaction
$\displaystyle \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}+\mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COONa}+\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}$
Saponification reaction/ De-esterification reaction
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CBSE Class 10 Science past-paper question from the 2026 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.