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Science · 2026 · 4 marks
CBSE 2026 · Region 5 · Set 1 · Q15
Kidneys help to regulate the volume of fluid and various metabolites waste products in the body. Normally, kidney filter about 180 L of fluid daily…
Kidneys help to regulate the volume of fluid and various metabolites waste products in the body. Normally, kidney filter about $\displaystyle 180$ L of fluid daily but the volume actually excreted out is only a litre or two a day. Patients with kidney failures can be saved by dialysis and kidney transplant.
(a)
Write the structure and function of Bowman's capsule.
(b)
Although kidneys filter a large amount (about $\displaystyle 180$ L daily) of fluids, still the excretion from the body is only about a litre or two. Why ?
(c)
What is excretion ? Why is it necessary for any living organism ?
OR
(c)
State two similarities between lungs and kidneys.
Marking-scheme solution
(a)
Structure → Bowman's capsule is a cup shaped end of a coiled tube (nephron)
Function → Bowman's capsule collects the filtrate from the blood.
(b) Most of the water, salt, glucose, amino acids are selectively reabsorbed from the filtrate into the blood as the urine flows along the tubular part of nephron.
Excretion is the process of removal of metabolic wastes/ nitrogenous waste/ urea/uric acid from the body.
It is essential for survival of a living organism as the excretory products are toxic and harmful to the organism.
Both lungs and kidneys remove metabolic waste / Lungs remove carbon dioxide gas \(\displaystyle \left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right)\) from the blood while kidneys remove nitrogenous wastes like urea from the blood.
Both lungs and kidneys have thin-walled blood capillaries involved in exchange of gases and filtration of blood respectively.
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CBSE Class 10 Science past-paper question from the 2026 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.