In order to trace the inheritance of traits Mendel crossed pea plants having one contrasting character or a pair of contrasting characters. When he…

In order to trace the inheritance of traits Mendel crossed pea plants having one contrasting character or a pair of contrasting characters. When he crossed pea plants having round and yellow seeds with pea plants having wrinkled and green seeds, he observed that no plants with wrinkled and green seeds were obtained in the $\displaystyle \mathrm{F}_{1}$ generation. When the $\displaystyle \mathrm{F}_{1}$ generation pea plants were cross-bred by self-pollination, the $\displaystyle \mathrm{F}_{2}$ generation had seeds with different combinations of shape and colour also.

Write any two pairs of contrasting characteristics of pea plant used by Mendel other than those mentioned above.

Differentiate between dominant and recessive traits.

State the ratio of the combinations observed in the seeds of $\displaystyle \mathrm{F}_{2}$ generation (in the above case). What do you interpret from this result ?

Given below is a cross between a pure violet flowered pea plant (V) and a pure white flowered pea plant (v). Diagrammatically explain what type of progeny is obtained in $\displaystyle \mathrm{F}_{1}$ generation and $\displaystyle \mathrm{F}_{2}$ generation : Pure violet flowered plant × Pure white flowered plant.