CBSE 2025 · Region 5 · Set 3 · Q34 · 5 marks
(a)Define the term "Functional group of a carbon compound". Write the formula of functional group present in (i) propanol and (ii) propanone.(b)Name the process of conversion of (i) ethanol to ethene and(ii)ethanol to ethanoic acid. Write the reaction equation stating the conditions required for each of the reactions to occur.(a)Name two cyclic hydrocarbons and draw the structure of any one.(b)Explain the process of micelle formation on adding soap in water.
(a)
Define the term "Functional group of a carbon compound". Write the formula of functional group present in (i) propanol and (ii) propanone.
(b)
Name the process of conversion of (i) ethanol to ethene and
(ii)
ethanol to ethanoic acid. Write the reaction equation stating the conditions required for each of the reactions to occur.
(a)
Name two cyclic hydrocarbons and draw the structure of any one.
(b)
Explain the process of micelle formation on adding soap in water.
Marking-scheme solution
(a)
Functional group: The element replacing hydrogen in a carbon compound is called heteroatom. These heteroatoms confer special properties to the compound are known as functional groups.
(i)
Functional group present in propanol - OH/ Alcohol
(ii)
Functional group present in propanone - C - / Ketone
(i)
Dehydration
(ii) Oxidation
OR
(B) (a) Benzene and CyclohexaneBenzene Cyclohexane Cyclohexane (b) •Soaps are sodium salts of long chain fatty acids. Two ends of soap molecule have different properties. The ionic end is hydrophilic and interacts with water whereas the hydrocarbon chain is hydrophobic and it interacts with oil/ dirt.
-The hydrocarbon chains are towards the oil droplet while the ionic ends are oriented towards water (i.e. it forces outside). This forms an emulsion in water. The soap micelle thus helps in pulling out the dirt in water and the clothes are washed.
Carbon and its CompoundsNomenclature of Carbon CompoundsApplylong_answermedium
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CBSE Class 10 Science past-paper question from the 2025board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.