$2$Highly conserved proteins such as Haemoglobin and Cytochrome-C provide the best biochemical evidences to trace evolutionary relationships between different groups. Cytochrome-C is formed of 104 amino acids. Cytochrome-C is the respiratory pigment present in all eukaryotic cells. It has evolved at a constant rate during evolution. In chimpanzees and humans, Cytochrome-C genes are identical. The given data shows the evolution of the Cytochrome-C gene in different mammals from kangaroos, cows, rodents to humans :

Groups	Nucleotide substitution in the gene of Cytochrome-C	Millions of years ago
Human/Kangaroo	100	125 mya
Human/Cow	75	120 mya
Human/Rodent	60	75 mya

(a) Select the correct option for the time of separation of two groups and the number of nucleotide substitutions in the gene of Cytochrome-C :

Options	Time of separation of two groups during evolution	Number of nucleotide substitutions
(i)	Lesser	Greater
(ii)	Greater	Lesser
(iii)	Greater	Greater

(b) What do you infer about the type of evolution (convergent or divergent) for the given pair of groups and why ?

(i)Human and Kangaroo(ii)Human and Rodent

(c) (i) Define convergent evolution.

OR

(c) (ii) Define divergent evolution.

Biology · Evolution