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Mathematics · 2024 · 5 marks
CBSE 2024 · Region 2 · Set 1 · Q34
(a) Solve the following system of equations, using matrices: 2/x+3/y+10/z=4, 4/x-6/y+5/z=1, 6/x+9/y-20/z=2 where x, y, z ≠ 0
Solve the following system of equations, using matrices : \[\frac{2}{\mathrm{x}}+\frac{3}{\mathrm{y}}+\frac{10}{\mathrm{z}}=4, \quad \frac{4}{\mathrm{x}}-\frac{6}{\mathrm{y}}+\frac{5}{\mathrm{z}}=1, \quad \frac{6}{\mathrm{x}}+\frac{9}{\mathrm{y}}-\frac{20}{\mathrm{z}}=2 \] where $\displaystyle \mathrm{x}, \mathrm{y}, \mathrm{z} \neq 0$
If $\displaystyle \mathrm{A}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}1 & \cot \mathrm{x} \\ -\cot \mathrm{x} & 1\end{array}\right]$, show that $\displaystyle \mathrm{A}^{\prime} \mathrm{A}^{-1}=\left[\begin{array}{rr}-\cos 2 \mathrm{x} & -\sin 2 \mathrm{x} \\ \sin 2 \mathrm{x} & -\cos 2 \mathrm{x}\end{array}\right]$.
Marking-scheme solution
Given system of linear equations is equivalent to $\displaystyle \mathrm{AX}=\mathrm{B}$, where
$$\begin{aligned}
& \mathrm{A}=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
2 & 3 & 10 \\
4 & -6 & 5 \\
6 & 9 & -20
\end{array}\right], X=\left[\begin{array}{c}
\frac{1}{\mathrm{x}} \\
\frac{1}{\mathrm{y}} \\
\frac{1}{\mathrm{z}}
\end{array}\right], \mathrm{B}=\left[\begin{array}{l}
4 \\
1 \\
\end{array}\right] \\
& |\mathrm{A}|=1200 \neq 0
\end{aligned}
$$
Cofactors of the elements of A are
$$\begin{aligned}
& \mathrm{A}_{11}=75, \mathrm{A}_{12}=110, \mathrm{A}_{13}=72 \\
& \mathrm{A}_{21}=150, \mathrm{A}_{22}=-100, \mathrm{A}_{23}=0 \\
& \mathrm{A}_{31}=75, \mathrm{A}_{32}=30, \mathrm{A}_{33}=-24
\end{aligned}
$$
$$\operatorname{adj} \mathrm{A}=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
75 & 150 & 75 \\
110 & -100 & 30 \\
72 & 0 & -24
\end{array}\right]
$$
$$\mathrm{A}^{-1}=\frac{\operatorname{adjA}}{|\mathrm{A}|}=\frac{1}{1200}\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
75 & 150 & 75 \\
110 & -100 & 30 \\
72 & 0 & -24
\end{array}\right]
$$
$$X=\mathrm{A}^{-1} \mathrm{B}=\frac{1}{1200}\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
75 & 150 & 75 \\
110 & -100 & 30 \\
72 & 0 & -24
\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{l}
4 \\
1 \\
\end{array}\right]
$$
$$\therefore \mathrm{x}=2, \mathrm{y}=3, \mathrm{z}=5
$$
$$\begin{aligned}
& |\mathrm{A}|=1+\cot ^{2} \mathrm{x}=\operatorname{cosec}^{2} \mathrm{x} \\
& \operatorname{adj} \mathrm{A}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
1 & -\cot \mathrm{x} \\
\cot \mathrm{x} & 1
\end{array}\right]
\end{aligned}
$$
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CBSE Class 12 Mathematics past-paper question from the 2024 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.