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Business Studies · 2024 · 3 marks
CBSE 2024 · Region 4 · Set 1 · Q24
(a) ‘Planning and controlling are inseparable twins of management’. Explain with the help of any three points.
(a)
‘Planning and controlling are inseparable twins of management’.
Explain with the help of any three points.
OR
(b)
Explain ‘Critical point control’ and ‘Management by exception’ as
discussed in the controlling process.
Marking-scheme solution
Planning and controlling are inseparable twins of management
1. Planning without controlling is meaningless and Controlling is
blind without planning
Once a plan becomes operational, controlling is necessary to monitor
the progress, measure it, discover deviations and initiate corrective
measures to ensure that events conform to plans. So, Planning without
controlling is meaningless. A system of control presupposes the
existence of certain standards which are provided by planning.
Therefore, controlling is blind without planning
2. Planning is a prerequisite for controlling while controlling seeks
to compel events to conform to plans
Without planning there is no predetermined understanding of the
desired performance while controlling seeks to compel events to
conform to plans
3. Planning is prescriptive while controlling is evaluative
Planning is basically an intellectual process involving thinking,
articulation and analysis to discover and prescribe an appropriate course
of action for achieving objectives. Controlling, on the other hand,
checks whether decisions have been translated into desired action.
4. Planning is forward-looking while controlling is looking back
Planning involves looking ahead as plans are prepared for future and
are based on forecasts about future conditions. On the contrary,
controlling is like a postmortem of past activities to find out deviations
from the standards. In that sense, controlling is looking back.
5. Controlling is forward-looking while planning is looking back
The corrective action in controlling seeks to improve the performance
in the future or to revise future plans. So, controlling is also forward
looking. However, it should be understood that planning is guided by
past experiences and the corrective action initiated by control function
aims to improve future performance. Thus, planning is also looking
back.
Q. (b) Explain 'Critical point control' and 'Management by
exception' as discussed in the controlling process.
1. Critical Point Control:
Control should focus on key result areas (KRAs) which are
critical to the success of an organisation. These KRAs are set as
the critical points. If anything goes wrong at the critical points,
the entire organisation suffers.
2. Management by Exception:
Management by exception, also known as control by exception,
is based on the belief that an attempt to control everything results
in controlling nothing. Thus, only significant deviations which go
beyond the permissible limit should be brought to the notice of
management.
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CBSE Class 12 Business Studies past-paper question from the 2024 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.