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Business Studies · 2023 · 6 marks
CBSE 2023 · Region 4 · Set 3 · Q31
(a) Explain the following characteristics of management: (i) Management is a group activity (ii) Management is a dynamic function (iii) Management is…
(a)
Explain the following characteristics of management :
(i)
Management is a group activity
(ii)
Management is a dynamic function
(iii)
Management is multidimensional
OR
(b)
Explain the following as nature of principles of management :
(i)
Formed by Practice and Experience
(ii)
Contingent
(iii)
Cause and Effect Relationship
Marking-scheme solution
(i)
Management is a group activity
An organisation is a collection of diverse individuals with different
needs. Every member of the group has a different purpose for joining
the organisation but as members of the organisation they work towards
fulfilling the common organisational goal.
This requires team work and coordination of individual effort in a
common direction. At the same time management should enable all its
members to grow and develop as needs and opportunities change.
(ii)
Management is a dynamic function
Management is a dynamic function and has to adapt itself to the
changing environment. An organisation interacts with its external
environment which consists of various social, economic and political
factors.
In order to be successful, an organisation must change itself and its
goals according to the needs of the environment.
(iii)
Management is multidimensional
Management is a complex activity that has three main dimensions:
Management of work: All organisations exist for the performance of
some work. Management translates this work in terms of goals to be
achieved and assigns the means to achieve it.
Management of people: Managing people involves:
(i)
dealing with employees as individuals with diverse needs and
behavior;
(ii)
dealing with individuals as a group of people.
Management of operations: All organisations, in order to survive,
provide a product or a service. This requires a production process which
entails the flow of input material and the technology for transforming
this input into the desired output for consumption. It is interlinked with
both management of work and management of people.
Explain the following as nature of principles of management:
(i)
Formed by Practice and Experience
(ii)
Contingent
(iii)
Cause and Effect Relationship
(i)
Formed by Practice and Experience
§ The principles of management are formed by experience and
collective wisdom of managers as well as experimentation.
§ For example, it is a matter of common experience that discipline is
indispensable for accomplishing any purpose. This principle finds
mention in management theory. On the other hand, in order to remedy
the problem of fatigue of workers in the factory, an experiment may
be conducted to see the effect of improvement of physical conditions
to reduce stress.
(The explanation may be supported by example of any other principle or technique of management)
(ii)
Contingent
§ The application of principles of management is contingent or
dependent upon the prevailing situation at a particular point of time.
§ The application of principles has to be changed as per requirements.
(iii)
Cause and effect relationship
§ The principles of management establish cause and effect relationship
so that they can be used in similar situations in a large number of
cases.
§ The principles tell us if a particular principle was applied in a
particular situation, what would be its likely effect.
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CBSE Class 12 Business Studies past-paper question from the 2023 board exam, with the answer as CBSE’s own marking scheme gives it. Where our answers come from.