(a) Work out a dihybrid cross upto F_2 generation between pea plants bearing violet coloured axial flowers and white coloured terminal flowers using…

Violet and axial : Violet and terminal : White and axial : White and terminal

$\displaystyle 9$ : $\displaystyle 3$ : $\displaystyle 3$ : $\displaystyle 1$

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment, when two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid segregation of one pair of character is independent of the other pair of characters.

DNA dependent RNA polymerase binds to promoter and initiate transcription on a DNA template, it uses nucleoside tri-phosphate as a substrate and polymerizes in a template dependent fashion following the rule of complementarity, RNA polymerase associates with the initiation/sigma/σ factor(transiently), facilitate opening of the helix, and continue elongation, once the polymerase reaches terminator region, it binds to rho/ρ/termination factor and the nascent RNA falls off, RNA polymerase also falls off once the termination is over.

Transcription

in Prokaryotes

Transcription

in Eukaryotes

One type of RNA

polymerase

catalyses

transcription of all $\displaystyle 3$

types of RNA.

Three different RNA

polymerases

are

required for different

$\displaystyle 3$ types of RNA

(RNA

Polymerase–I

rRNA

RNA

Polymerase–II

mRNA

RNA

Polymerase–III

tRNA)

No splicing required

as only exons are

present

splicing is required as

both

introns

and

exons are present

No processing

of RNA is required as

hnRNA

is not

formed

Processing

(capping,

tailing and splicing)

required as hnRNA is

initially formed

It occurs in cytoplasm

of the cell

It occurs in nucleus of

the cell