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Biology · 2024 · 3 marks
CBSE 2024 · Region 5 · Set 1 · Q23
(a) Tropical regions harbour more species than the temperate regions. How have biologists tried to explain this in their own ways? Explain.
(a)
Tropical regions harbour more species than the temperate regions. How have biologists tried to explain this in their own ways ? Explain.
OR
(b)(i)
What does an ecological pyramid represent ?
(ii)
The Ecological pyramids may have an 'upright' or an 'inverted' shape. Justify with the help of suitable examples.
Marking-scheme solution
The tropical region has less seasonal and relatively more constant and
predictable environment that promotes niche specialisation leads to greater species diversity.
In the tropical region more availability of solar energy which contributes to
higher productivity.
Tropical regions are not subjected to frequent glaciation in the past and remain
undisturbed for millions of years hence had a long evolutionary time for species diversification.
(i)
Ecological pyramid is the diagrammatic representation of relationship
between organisms at different trophic levels (in terms of energy / biomass / number of organisms in an ecosystem).
(ii)
-Pyramid is upright because number or biomass or energy is more in producers
than in the consumers
Example: pyramid in grassland ecosystem support the shape of pyramid
-Pyramid is inverted because number or biomass is less in producers than in the
consumers
Example: in terms of biomass standing crop of phytoplankton support large standing crop of zooplanktons or large number of insects feeding on a big tree
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