(a) Indiscriminate human activities such as alien species invasion, fragmentation and habitat loss have accelerated the loss of biodiversity. Justify…

Alien species invasion – Nile perch introduced in Lake Victoria in East Africa led to extinction of $\displaystyle 200$ species of cichlid fish / Threat posed to our native species by invasive weed species like carrot grass (Parthenium) or Lantana or water hyacinth (Eicchornia) / Illegal introduction of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus for aquaculture is posing a threat to the indigenous catfish/ any other relevent example

Habitat loss and fragmentation –When large habitats are broken up into small fragments due to various human activities, mammals and birds requiring large territory habits are badly affected leading to population decline / Amazon rain forest harbouring probably millions of species is being cut and cleared for cultivation of soya bean or conversion of grassland for raising of cattle / any other relevant example

IUCN Red data list – Provides information about species under the threat of extinction /is to identify and protect species facing a high risk of extiction / crucial for conservation planning

Hot spots – have very high levels of species richness and high degree of endemism