(a) Given below is a pyramid found in an ecosystem, where each bar represents the standing crop available in the trophic level. (i) Identify the kind…

• Inverted Pyramid of Biomass

• Such pyramids are seen in – Aquatic conditions where a small standing crop of phytoplanktons supports a large standing crop of zooplankton or fish / In terrestrial ecosystem – when a large number of insects are feeding on a single tree / or any other correct example

• Ecological pyramids does not take into account the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels.

• It does not accommodate a food web.

• Saprophytes are not given any place in ecological pyramids even though they play a vital role in the ecosystem.

(Any two)

• Decline in plant production.

• Lowered resistance to environmental perturbations as drought.

• Increased variability in certain ecosystem processes such as water use and pest and disease cycles

• Any other correct point

(Any two points)

• Habitat loss and fragmentation.

• Alien species invasion.

• Over exploitation

• Co-extinction

(Any two)