(a) Explain with examples the role of democracy in the reduction of inequality and poverty.

(i) Promotes political equality by supporting universal adult franchise.

(ii) Enhances the dignity of individuals by recognizing them as citizens not subjects.

(iii) Improves the quality of decision making through debate and discussion.

(iv) Provides a method to resolve conflicts through an independent and unbiased judiciary.

(v) We find growing inequalities in democracies the world over. A small number of the ultra- rich enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth and incomes.

(vi) Their share in the total income has been increasing. Those at the bottom of the society has been declining. Sometimes they find it difficult to meet their basic needs of life.

(vii) The Central and State governments have taken many steps to reduce disparity through different welfare schemes of the central and state government.

(viii) Reservation has also helped to uplift the marginalised sections

(b) How is democracy a legitimate government? Explain with examples.

(i) A legitimate government is a lawful government formed on the basis of the consent of the people.

(ii) Citizens participate in decision making

(iii) Regular, free and fair elections.

(iv) This government is acceptable to the people as they elect the government.

(v) Open public debates on policies and legislations.

(vi) This government is also answerable to the people and is responsive to its needs.

(vii) Citizens have right to get information about the government and its functioning.

(viii) Democracy ensure that decision making is based on norms and procedures.