Explain three major challenges before Political Parties in India.

(i) The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties.

(ii) The concentration of power in the hands of one or few leaders.

(iii) Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold organizational meetings, and do not conduct internal elections regularly.

(iv) The challenge of dynastic succession is commonly faced by political parties.

(v) Most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning.

(vi) The growing role of money and muscle power in parties during elections is another challenge.

(vii) Parties are focused only on winning elections, they tend to use short-cuts to win elections.

(viii) They tend to nominate those candidates who have or can raise lots of money.

(ix) Rich people and companies who give funds to the parties tend to have influence on the policies and decisions of the party.

(x) In some cases, parties support criminals who can win elections.

(xi) Often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters.