(A) Explain any two methods that were used by the Europeans for the recruitment of the indentured labours.

A. Explain any two methods that were used by the Europeans for the recruitment of the indentured labours. i Recruitment was done by agents engaged by employers and paid a small commission. ii Many migrants agreed to take up work hoping to escape poverty or oppression in their home villages. iii Agents also tempted the prospective migrants by providing false information about final destinations, modes of travel, the nature of the work, living and working conditions. iv Often migrants were not even told that they were to embark on a long sea voyage. v Sometimes agents forcefully abducted less willing migrants.

B. How did Smallpox prove to be the most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors in mid – sixteenth century? Explain. i Spanish carried germs of smallpox on their person and Americans were affected due to their no immunity. ii Smallpox proved to be a deadly killer. iii Once introduced it spread deep into the continent, ahead even of any Europeans reaching there. iv Smallpox killed and decimated whole communities and paved the way for conquest of European . v Guns could be bought or captured and turned against the invaders, but not disease such as smallpox, to which the conquerors were mostly immune.